An adult patient presents with a complaint of a cough that has lasted for two weeks. The patient has a rapid, shallow respiratory rate of 34 breaths per minute. Auscultation of the lungs reveals bilateral rhonchi in the upper lobes and diminished breath sounds in the bilateral lower lobes. The patient is diagnosed with bilateral pneumonia and respiratory alkalosis. What is the expected arterial blood gas laboratory value for this patient?
pH 7.5 and PaCO2 32 mm Hg
pH 6.5 and PaCO2 40 mm Hg
pH 6.5 and PaCO2 32 mm Hg
pH 7.5 and PaCO2 40 mm Hg
The Correct Answer is A
Respiratory alkalosis is a condition where the blood's pH is elevated due to excessive removal of CO2 from the body. This can occur when the breathing rate is too fast or deep, such as in response to hypoxia, anxiety, fever, or lung disease. When CO2 is removed from the blood, less H2CO3 is formed, which raises the blood's pH by decreasing the concentration of H+ and HCO3- . A normal blood pH is between 7.35 and 7.45, and a normal partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2) is between 35- and 45 mm Hg. Therefore, a patient with respiratory alkalosis would have a higher-than-normal pH and a lower-than-normal PaCO2.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
More H and HCO3 form, decreasing the blood's pH.
Rationale: Hypoventilation is a condition where the breathing rate is too slow or shallow, resulting in insufficient removal of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the body. CO2 reacts with water (H2O) to form carbonic acid (H2CO3), which can dissociate into hydrogen ions (H+) and bicarbonate ions (HCO3-). Therefore, when CO2 accumulates in the blood due to hypoventilation, more H2CO3 is formed, which lowers the blood's pH by increasing the concentration of H+ and HCO3-.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Painless hematuria is the most common symptom of bladder cancer, which is a malignant tumor that arises from the urothelial cells that line the bladder.
Hematuria is the presence of blood in the urine that can be gross or microscopic. Bladder cancer can also cause other symptoms such as dysuria, frequency, urgency, or pelvic pain.
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