Older adults generally mount lower immune responses to vaccines.
Which age-related change is likely to contribute to these lower immune responses?
Lower number of complement proteins
Decreased populations of naïve T cells
Impaired primary defenses
Insufficient time outdoors
The Correct Answer is B
Naïve T cells are a type of white blood cell that has not encountered a specific antigen before and are ready to respond to new infections. As people age, the number of naïve T cells decreases due to the shrinking of the thymus gland, which produces and matures T cells. This reduces the ability of the immune system to recognize and fight new pathogens and lowers the effectiveness of vaccines.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["A","B"]
Explanation
These two conditions belong to the disease classification of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). COPD is a group of lung diseases that cause persistent and progressive airflow limitation and difficulty breathing. Asthma is a condition that causes inflammation and narrowing of the airways, leading to wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath. Pulmonary emphysema is a condition that damages the alveoli (air sacs) in the lungs, reducing their elasticity and surface area, resulting in less oxygen exchange and more trapped air. Both asthma and pulmonary emphysema can be triggered by environmental factors, such as allergens, pollutants, tobacco smoke, or infections. The main difference between asthma and pulmonary emphysema is that asthma is reversible with medication, while pulmonary emphysema is irreversible and progressive.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Painless hematuria is the most common symptom of bladder cancer, which is a malignant tumor that arises from the urothelial cells that line the bladder.
Hematuria is the presence of blood in the urine that can be gross or microscopic. Bladder cancer can also cause other symptoms such as dysuria, frequency, urgency, or pelvic pain.
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