A 15-year-old patient presents to the clinic with this rash transmitted.
They report spending time hiking in wooded areas two weeks ago.
Identify what arachnid caused this rash, and what is the name of the disease that can be.
A tick caused the rash, and the disease is Lyme disease.
A spider caused the rash, and the disease is Rocky Mountain spotted fever.
A mite caused the rash, and the disease is scabies.
A chigger caused the rash, and the disease is chigger dermatitis.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A rationale
A tick is the arachnid responsible for transmitting Lyme disease. The characteristic rash associated with Lyme disease is erythema migrans, often described as a "bull's-eye" rash, which can appear days to weeks after a bite from an infected blacklegged tick (Ixodes scapularis or Ixodes pacificus). Spending time in wooded areas increases the risk of tick exposure.
Choice B rationale
Spiders are arachnids, but they are not the primary vector for Rocky Mountain spotted fever. Rocky Mountain spotted fever is caused by the bacterium Rickettsia rickettsii and is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected American dog ticks (Dermacentor variabilis) or Rocky Mountain wood ticks (Dermacentor andersoni). The rash associated with this disease typically starts on the wrists and ankles and spreads centrally.
Choice C rationale
Mites are arachnids, and certain types cause scabies, a contagious skin infestation characterized by intense itching and a pimple-like rash due to the burrowing of the Sarcoptes scabiei mite into the skin. While hiking in wooded areas could potentially lead to exposure to some types of mites, the rash of scabies has a distinct presentation and transmission pattern different from Lyme disease.
Choice D rationale
Chiggers are also mites (arachnids) that can be found in wooded areas. Their bites cause chigger dermatitis, characterized by intensely itchy red welts or bumps where the larvae have attached to the skin. While the history of hiking is relevant to potential exposure to chiggers, the rash and the associated disease are distinct from the erythema migrans rash of Lyme disease. .
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Urinary tract infections can cause bladder irritation and dysfunction, leading to symptoms such as frequency, urgency, and nocturia, which can manifest as enuresis, especially secondary enuresis (bedwetting that starts after a period of dryness). Therefore, assessing for a UTI is a crucial first step to rule out a treatable medical cause. Normal urine specific gravity ranges from 1.005 to 1.030, and a urinalysis can detect the presence of bacteria, white blood cells, or nitrites indicative of infection.
Choice B rationale
Psychological stressors can contribute to enuresis, particularly secondary enuresis. Anxiety, family changes, or school-related stress can manifest physically. While important to explore, medical causes like UTIs should be ruled out first.
Choice C rationale
Sleep patterns are relevant in the context of enuresis, as bedwetting occurs during sleep. However, assessing for a medical cause like a UTI should precede a detailed evaluation of sleep habits.
Choice D rationale
A family history of enuresis can suggest a genetic predisposition. However, the immediate nursing priority is to assess for and rule out treatable underlying medical conditions, such as a urinary tract infection.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
A high elevation in the white blood cell count, or leukocytosis, is an expected inflammatory response in appendicitis. While an elevated WBC count (normal range typically 4,500 to 11,000 cells/mcL) indicates infection or inflammation, it does not necessarily signal immediate, life-threatening complications requiring immediate intervention.
Choice B rationale
Guarding, which is the tensing of abdominal muscles upon palpation, and rebound tenderness, pain that worsens when pressure is released, are classic signs of peritoneal irritation associated with appendicitis. These findings suggest inflammation of the peritoneum but do not indicate an immediate, critical emergency in the same way as sudden pain relief.
Choice C rationale
Sudden relief of pain in a child with appendicitis, followed by a rigid abdomen and fever, is a critical sign of a ruptured appendix and subsequent peritonitis. The rupture releases the pressure causing the initial pain, but the spillage of bowel contents leads to widespread inflammation of the peritoneum, a serious and potentially life-threatening condition requiring immediate surgical intervention to prevent sepsis and other complications.
Choice D rationale
Abdominal tenderness in the right lower quadrant (RLQ), often referred to as McBurney's point, is a characteristic finding in appendicitis due to the inflammation of the appendix in this anatomical location. While it warrants investigation and treatment, localized tenderness alone does not indicate an immediate, life-threatening complication.
Whether you are a student looking to ace your exams or a practicing nurse seeking to enhance your expertise , our nursing education contents will empower you with the confidence and competence to make a difference in the lives of patients and become a respected leader in the healthcare field.
Visit Naxlex, invest in your future and unlock endless possibilities with our unparalleled nursing education contents today
Report Wrong Answer on the Current Question
Do you disagree with the answer? If yes, what is your expected answer? Explain.
Kindly be descriptive with the issue you are facing.