A 15-year-old patient presents to the clinic with this rash transmitted.
They report spending time hiking in wooded areas two weeks ago.
Identify what arachnid caused this rash, and what is the name of the disease that can be.
A tick caused the rash, and the disease is Lyme disease.
A spider caused the rash, and the disease is Rocky Mountain spotted fever.
A mite caused the rash, and the disease is scabies.
A chigger caused the rash, and the disease is chigger dermatitis.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A rationale
A tick is the arachnid responsible for transmitting Lyme disease. The characteristic rash associated with Lyme disease is erythema migrans, often described as a "bull's-eye" rash, which can appear days to weeks after a bite from an infected blacklegged tick (Ixodes scapularis or Ixodes pacificus). Spending time in wooded areas increases the risk of tick exposure.
Choice B rationale
Spiders are arachnids, but they are not the primary vector for Rocky Mountain spotted fever. Rocky Mountain spotted fever is caused by the bacterium Rickettsia rickettsii and is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected American dog ticks (Dermacentor variabilis) or Rocky Mountain wood ticks (Dermacentor andersoni). The rash associated with this disease typically starts on the wrists and ankles and spreads centrally.
Choice C rationale
Mites are arachnids, and certain types cause scabies, a contagious skin infestation characterized by intense itching and a pimple-like rash due to the burrowing of the Sarcoptes scabiei mite into the skin. While hiking in wooded areas could potentially lead to exposure to some types of mites, the rash of scabies has a distinct presentation and transmission pattern different from Lyme disease.
Choice D rationale
Chiggers are also mites (arachnids) that can be found in wooded areas. Their bites cause chigger dermatitis, characterized by intensely itchy red welts or bumps where the larvae have attached to the skin. While the history of hiking is relevant to potential exposure to chiggers, the rash and the associated disease are distinct from the erythema migrans rash of Lyme disease. .
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Washing bedding and recently worn clothing in hot water (above 54°C or 130°F) helps to kill lice and their nits (eggs) that may be present on these items, preventing re-infestation or spread to others. The heat denatures the proteins essential for the lice's survival.
Choice B rationale
Sealing non-washable items in a plastic bag for 2 weeks suffocates any lice and allows any hatched nymphs to die due to lack of a blood meal. Lice cannot survive for extended periods away from a human host.
Choice C rationale
Both washing bedding and clothing in hot water and sealing non-washable items are crucial steps in eliminating head lice and preventing recurrence or transmission. Therefore, all of the above instructions should be provided to parents.
Choice D rationale
Notifying the school allows for screening of other children and implementation of appropriate measures to prevent further spread of the head lice within the school environment. While important for public health, it is an action separate from the direct treatment and environmental control measures that parents should undertake at home.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Corn is naturally gluten-free and is generally safe for individuals with celiac disease to consume. Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye.
Choice B rationale
Rice, in all its forms (white, brown, wild), is naturally gluten-free and is a staple grain in the diet of individuals with celiac disease. It does not contain the gliadin protein that triggers the autoimmune response in celiac disease.
Choice C rationale
Wheat contains gluten, specifically the gliadin fraction, which triggers the damaging autoimmune response in the small intestine of individuals with celiac disease. Therefore, all products containing wheat, including bread, pasta, and many processed foods, must be strictly avoided.
Choice D rationale
Oats are naturally gluten-free; however, they are often processed in facilities that also handle wheat, barley, or rye, leading to cross-contamination. While certified gluten-free oats are available, regular oats may not be safe for individuals with celiac disease due to this risk of contamination.
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