A 16-year-old client diagnosed with schizophrenia disorder experiences command hallucinations to harm others. The client's parents ask a nurse, "Where do the voices come from?" Which is the appropriate nursing response?

"There is a chemical imbalance of the brain, which leads to altered perceptions."

"The hallucinations are caused by medication interactions."

"There is too little serotonin in the brain, causing delusions and hallucinations."

Abnormal hormonal changes have precipitated auditory hallucinations."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

a. "There is a chemical imbalance of the brain, which leads to altered perceptions." Schizophrenia is a complex mental health disorder with a strong biological component. While the exact cause is unknown, it's believed to involve abnormalities in brain chemistry and neurotransmitters. This is a general explanation that avoids going into too much detail but acknowledges the biological basis of hallucinations.
b. "The hallucinations are caused by medication interactions." Hallucinations are a core symptom of schizophrenia and not necessarily caused by medication interactions.
c. "There is too little serotonin in the brain, causing delusions and hallucinations." While serotonin might be involved in schizophrenia, it's not the only neurotransmitter implicated.
d. Abnormal hormonal changes have precipitated auditory hallucinations." Hormonal changes might influence mood, but they are not the primary cause of auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

a. Assist the client with bathing and toileting. This intervention addresses the client's immediate and essential needs. Ensuring basic hygiene and toileting are crucial for maintaining the client's health, dignity, and comfort. Assisting with activities of daily living (ADLs) is a priority for clients who are unable to perform these tasks independently.
b. Design a bulletin board to represent the current season. While this can help with orientation and provide a sense of time and place, it is not as critical as addressing the client's basic physical needs.
c. Present evidence of objective reality to improve cognition. Reality orientation can be beneficial, but it is not a priority intervention compared to meeting the client's immediate physical needs.
d. Label the door to the client's room with name and number. This helps with orientation and independence but is less critical than ensuring the client’s hygiene and toileting needs are met.

A. Psychotic disorder B. Schizoaffective disorder C. Paranoid disorder D. Schizophreniform disorder

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

a. Psychotic disorder: Schizophrenia is a well-defined psychotic disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized thinking, but it doesn't specifically address the mood component present in this case.
b. Schizoaffective disorder: Schizoaffective disorder is characterized by symptoms of both schizophrenia (such as delusions and hallucinations) and mood disorders (such as depression or mania). The presence of delusional thinking and visual hallucinations, combined with periods of depression and suicidal ideations, fits the profile of schizoaffective disorder.
c. Paranoid disorder: Paranoid disorder is characterized by a pervasive pattern of suspicion and distrust, but it doesn't necessarily involve hallucinations or disorganized thinking like schizophrenia.
d. Schizophreniform disorder: Schizophreniform disorder is similar to schizophrenia but with a shorter duration of symptoms (less than 6 months). The prompt doesn't specify the duration, making schizophrenia a more likely diagnosis.

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A 16-year-old client diagnosed with schizophrenia disorder experiences command hallucinations to harm others. The client's parents ask a nurse, "Where do the voices come from?" Which is the appropriate nursing response?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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Correct Answer is B

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