A 24-year-old patient who is an intravenous drug user asks the nurse about preventing acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The nurse informs the patient that the risk of developing the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection from drug use can be reduced by:

not having sexual intercourse under the influence of drugs.

asking those who they share equipment with to be tested for HIV.

participating in a needle exchange program.

cleaning syringe with betadine before use.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. Avoiding sexual intercourse under the influence of drugs reduces certain risks but does not address the specific risk of needle transmission.

B. Asking others to be tested for HIV may be unrealistic and does not prevent HIV transmission through shared equipment.

C. Participating in a needle exchange program reduces the risk of HIV transmission by providing sterile needles, lowering the likelihood of infection from shared or contaminated needles.

D. Cleaning needles with betadine is not effective for HIV prevention; only sterile, unused needles should be used.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Neurogenic shock occurs in spinal cord injuries above T6 and is characterized by hypotension, bradycardia, and loss of sympathetic tone below the level of injury. This condition results from disruption of autonomic pathways.

B. Brain herniation typically involves increased intracranial pressure and different neurological symptoms.

C. Spinal shock involves temporary loss of reflexes and sensation but does not specifically cause bradycardia or hypotension.

D. Autonomic dysreflexia involves sudden high blood pressure and is usually triggered by noxious stimuli, occurring after the acute phase of SCI.

A. was touching the client on the shoulder without gloves. B. was recapping a needle before medication administration. C. was not wearing a mask while in the client's room. D. had fluids splashing in their eyes while emptying a bedpan.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Touching a patient’s shoulder does not pose a risk of HIV transmission, as it is not spread through casual skin contact.

B. While recapping needles is discouraged due to the risk of needlestick injury, it is not an exposure unless an actual needlestick occurs.

C. Not wearing a mask is typically not necessary in all interactions with HIV/AIDS patients unless there is an active infection requiring airborne precautions.

D. Exposure of bodily fluids to mucous membranes (such as the eyes) is a significant occupational exposure risk and should be reported. This requires immediate response and evaluation for potential infection.

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A 24-year-old patient who is an intravenous drug user asks the nurse about preventing acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The nurse informs the patient that the risk of developing the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection from drug use can be reduced by:

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is caring for a patient immediately after a spinal cord injury between T7-T8 vertebrae. The patient displays the following symptoms: absent reflexes, flaccidity, loss of sensation below the level of injury, bradycardia, and hypotension. These are signs of which condition?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Which situation should be reported to the nursing supervisor as an exposure for the nurse caring for a patient diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)? The nurse

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

The nurse on the brain injury unit observes a patient who displays inappropriate sexual behavior. What would be the best response by the nurse?

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