When considering the pharmacologic management of a patient who has sustained a traumatic head injury, the nurse can anticipate a prescription for which of the following medications to manage increases in intracranial pressure (ICP)?

Nitroprusside

Furosemide

3% Normal Saline

Norepinephrine

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. Nitroprusside is a vasodilator and is not used for managing ICP; it can increase intracranial pressure if not carefully monitored.

B. Furosemide is a diuretic but is less effective for ICP reduction compared to hypertonic saline or mannitol.

C. Hypertonic saline (3% Normal Saline) is used to reduce intracranial pressure by drawing fluid out of the brain tissue and into the bloodstream, which can help prevent cerebral edema.

D. Norepinephrine is a vasopressor and is not used specifically to manage intracranial pressure.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Sharing eating utensils does not transmit HIV, as the virus is not spread through saliva.

B. Sharing razors is a high-risk activity for transmitting HIV because it can involve direct blood-to-blood contact if the razor causes cuts.

C. HIV transmission through kissing is highly unlikely due to low levels of the virus in saliva.

D. HIV cannot be spread through shared toilets, as the virus does not survive on surfaces and is not spread through casual contact.

Correct Answer is ["3"]

Explanation

To administer the correct dose of clonidine, which is 0.3 mg, the nurse would need to calculate the number of 0.1 mg tablets required. Since each tablet contains 0.1 mg of clonidine, the nurse would need three tablets to make up the total dose of 0.3 mg. Therefore, the nurse should administer three tablets per dose to the patient.

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ABG Value	Normal Range
pH	7.35- 7.45
PaCO2	35-45 mm Hg
HCO3	22-25 mEq/L
Base excess	-2 to +2
PaO2	80-95 mm Hg
SaO2	>95%

When considering the pharmacologic management of a patient who has sustained a traumatic head injury, the nurse can anticipate a prescription for which of the following medications to manage increases in intracranial pressure (ICP)?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse teaching a patient who is diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), would include which information regarding an activity that has the highest potential to spread the disease to relatives or friends in a household?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is preparing to administer clonidine 0.3 mg at bedtime to a patient. The amount available is clonidine 0.1 mg/tablet. How many tablets should the nurse administer per dose? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)

Correct Answer is ["3"]

Explanation

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The nurse is caring for a patient with an acute head injury. Which assessment finding would first alert the nurse that the patient is developing an increase in intracranial pressure (ICP)?