A 45-year-old male patient complaints of chronic stomach pain and is diagnosed with a Helicobacter pylori infection. The physician decided to initiate triple therapy. Which combination of medications is most appropriate for this treatment?
Ciprofloxacin, Metronidazole and Ranitidine
Amoxicillin, Clarithromycin and Omeprazole
Metronidazole, Tetracycline and Bismuth subsalicylate
Erythromycin, Amoxicillin and Famotidine
The Correct Answer is B
A. Ciprofloxacin, Metronidazole, and Ranitidine: Ciprofloxacin and ranitidine are not recommended for H. pylori treatment. Ciprofloxacin is not typically used, and ranitidine is an H2 blocker, not a proton pump inhibitor.
B. Amoxicillin, Clarithromycin, and Omeprazole: This combination is a standard triple therapy for H. pylori infection. Amoxicillin and clarithromycin are antibiotics, and omeprazole (a proton pump inhibitor) reduces stomach acid to help eradicate the bacteria.
C. Metronidazole, Tetracycline, and Bismuth subsalicylate: This combination is part of quadruple therapy rather than triple therapy. Quadruple therapy is usually reserved for cases resistant to initial treatment.
D. Erythromycin, Amoxicillin, and Famotidine: Erythromycin is not part of standard triple therapy, and famotidine is an H2 blocker, not a proton pump inhibitor.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is {"A":{"answers":"A,B"},"B":{"answers":"A,B"},"C":{"answers":"A"},"D":{"answers":"A,B"},"E":{"answers":"B"},"F":{"answers":"B"},"G":{"answers":"A,B"}}
Explanation
Polyuria/Polydipsia:
- Supports both DKA and HHS as both conditions typically exhibit severe dehydration and excessive thirst and urination.
Heart Rate (tachycardia):
- Consistent with both DKA and HHS due to dehydration and fluid shifts, though heart rate alone does not differentiate the two.
Respirations (Kussmaul's):
- Suggests DKA; deep, labored Kussmaul respirations typically help compensate for metabolic acidosis, which is characteristic of DKA.
Mental Status (confusion, lethargy):
- More common in HHS, where very high glucose and osmolality levels often lead to more profound neurologic changes. Can also occur in DKA.
Serum Glucose >600 mg/dL and Serum Osmolality >320 mOsm/kg:
- Consistent with both DKA and HHS, though more frequently seen in HHS given the higher osmolality. In DKA, serum glucose usually elevated but often lower than in HHS. Osmolality may be increased but not as high as in HHS.
Insidious onset (days to weeks):
- Suggests HHS, as it often has a slower onset than DKA, which typically presents more acutely.
Infection as precipitating factor:
- Could support either condition as infections can precipitate both DKA and HHS.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Hypovolemia leading to decreased renal perfusion. Hypovolemia from dehydration and low blood pressure reduces blood flow to the kidneys, resulting in pre-renal AKI, characterized by elevated BUN and creatinine.
B. Acute tubular necrosis. Acute tubular necrosis may cause AKI but is often due to prolonged hypoperfusion, nephrotoxic drugs, or ischemia, not the immediate presentation seen here.
C. Urinary tract obstruction. A urinary tract obstruction leads to post-renal AKI, often with symptoms like flank pain or difficulty urinating, not dehydration and low blood pressure.
D. Chronic kidney disease. Chronic kidney disease is a long-term condition and would not cause the acute symptoms or sudden onset of AKI as seen in this patient.
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