The nurse is educating a patient with diabetes about long-term complications of the disease. Which of the following complications should the nurse include in the teaching?

Asthma

Osteoporosis

Liver cirrhosis

Cardiovascular disease

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Asthma: Asthma is a respiratory condition and is not a common complication associated with diabetes.

B. Osteoporosis: Osteoporosis is a bone disease more commonly associated with hormonal changes, aging, or steroid use, not directly linked to diabetes.

C. Liver cirrhosis: Liver cirrhosis is usually caused by alcohol use, hepatitis, or other liver diseases, not directly due to diabetes.

D. Cardiovascular disease: Diabetes is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease due to its association with atherosclerosis, hypertension, and dyslipidemia.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Keep the patient NPO (nothing by mouth) until the T-tube is removed. Patients are generally kept NPO initially but may resume clear liquids and progress to a regular diet based on tolerance; NPO status is not required until the T-tube is removed.

B. Monitor the tube drainage and document the amount and color. Monitoring and documenting drainage from the T-tube is crucial to assess biliary function and ensure that the bile is draining properly, indicating no obstruction.

C. Ensure the tube is clamped for 8 hours each day. Clamping may be done before tube removal to test the body’s tolerance to bile drainage, but it should be done only as per physician orders, not routinely for 8 hours each day.

D. Flush the T-tube with normal saline every 4 hours. Flushing a T-tube is generally not done routinely as it could disrupt the flow of bile and cause complications.

A. Pulmonary Function Test (PFT) B. Electrocardiogram (ECG) C. Complete Blood Count (CBC) D. Chest X-ray

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Pulmonary Function Test (PFT). PFTs assess lung function but do not provide diagnostic information for infections like pneumonia.

B. Electrocardiogram (ECG). An ECG assesses heart function and would not help in diagnosing a respiratory infection like pneumonia.

C. Complete Blood Count (CBC). A CBC may indicate infection through elevated white blood cells, but it does not confirm pneumonia or identify its location in the lungs.

D. Chest X-ray. A chest X-ray is the most useful diagnostic tool to confirm pneumonia. It can reveal infiltrates or consolidation in the lungs, which are characteristic of pneumonia.

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The nurse is educating a patient with diabetes about long-term complications of the disease. Which of the following complications should the nurse include in the teaching?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is D

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