The nurse is educating a patient with diabetes about long-term complications of the disease. Which of the following complications should the nurse include in the teaching?

Asthma

Osteoporosis

Liver cirrhosis

Cardiovascular disease

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Asthma: Asthma is a respiratory condition and is not a common complication associated with diabetes.

B. Osteoporosis: Osteoporosis is a bone disease more commonly associated with hormonal changes, aging, or steroid use, not directly linked to diabetes.

C. Liver cirrhosis: Liver cirrhosis is usually caused by alcohol use, hepatitis, or other liver diseases, not directly due to diabetes.

D. Cardiovascular disease: Diabetes is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease due to its association with atherosclerosis, hypertension, and dyslipidemia.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Pain in the neck when the patient flexes their head towards the chest. This describes nuchal rigidity, not Kernig sign.

B. Involuntary flexion of the hips and knees when the neck is flexed. This describes Brudzinski sign, not Kernig sign.

C. Photophobia and headache triggered by bright light. These are symptoms of meningitis, but they are not specific to Kernig sign.

D. Pain and resistance when attempting to extend the patient's leg from a flexed position. A positive Kernig sign is when there is pain and resistance to leg extension from a flexed hip and knee position, indicating meningeal irritation.

A. Administer high-calorie diet to prevent weight loss. B. Reduce sodium intake to help manage fluid retention. C. Encourage complete bed rest to reduce cardiac workload. D. Increase fluid intake to maintain hydration.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Administer high-calorie diet to prevent weight loss. While adequate nutrition is important, a high-calorie diet is not the primary priority in managing heart failure. Sodium and fluid management are usually more crucial to control fluid overload.

B. Reduce sodium intake to help manage fluid retention. Reducing sodium intake is a priority in heart failure management as it helps prevent fluid retention, which reduces workload on the heart and decreases symptoms of fluid overload.

C. Encourage complete bed rest to reduce cardiac workload. Complete bed rest is not recommended as it can lead to deconditioning and increased risk of blood clots. Activity should be balanced according to the patient’s tolerance.

D. Increase fluid intake to maintain hydration. In heart failure, increasing fluid intake could worsen fluid overload. Fluid restriction may be necessary to prevent excess fluid retention.

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The nurse is educating a patient with diabetes about long-term complications of the disease. Which of the following complications should the nurse include in the teaching?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is assessing a patient with suspected bacterial meningitis and notes a positive Kernig sign. How should the nurse interpret this finding?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

The nurse is caring for a patient with heart failure. Which of the following treatment goals should the nurse prioritize?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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