A 45-year-old patient presents to the emergency department with epigastric pain, nausea, and occasional vomiting. The patient's history reveals chronic NSAID use for osteoarthritis. Laboratory tests indicate normal liver function but show the presence of Helicobacter pylori antibodies. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

Peptic ulcer disease

Acute gastritis due to NSAID use

Functional dyspepsia

Chronic gastritis due to Helicobacter pylori infection

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A.   Peptic ulcer disease is possible, but the patient's NSAID use and positive H. pylori antibodies suggest a more specific cause related to gastritis.
B.   Acute gastritis due to NSAID use is likely since NSAIDs can irritate the stomach lining and increase the risk of ulcers.
C.   Functional dyspepsia is less likely given the presence of H. pylori antibodies, which typically indicate an active infection.
D.   Chronic gastritis due to Helicobacter pylori infection is the most likely diagnosis, especially with the combination of NSAID use and positive H. pylori antibodies.

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Correct Answer is ["C","E","F"]

Explanation

A. A diet rich in fruits and vegetables is generally protective against colorectal cancer due to the high fiber content and antioxidants, reducing cancer risk.
B. Moderate alcohol consumption can increase the risk of colorectal cancer, as alcohol has been linked to inflammation and changes in gut microbiota, which may contribute to carcinogenesis.
C. A diet high in red and processed meats has been strongly associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer due to the presence of carcinogenic substances like nitrates and heterocyclic amines in processed meats.

D. A low body mass index (BMI) is actually protective against cancer in general, as obesity is a significant risk factor for colorectal cancer due to its association with increased inflammation and insulin resistance.
E. Genetic factors such as having a family history of colorectal cancer increase the risk significantly. Inherited syndromes like familial adenomatous polyposis or Lynch syndrome increase the likelihood of developing this cancer.
F. Chronic inflammatory bowel diseases such as Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis increase the risk of colorectal cancer due to the prolonged inflammation and cellular damage they cause in the colon.
G. Regular physical activity has a protective effect against colorectal cancer by reducing inflammation, improving immune function, and regulating bowel movement.

A. "A glass of wine per day might help with reducing your stress and improve your GERD." B. "It is important for you to practice good oral hygiene with this disorder." C. "You can lay down 30 minutes after eating if that will help you feel better." D. "Adding more citrus foods in your diet might help with easing the manifestations."

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. A glass of wine per day can worsen GERD symptoms, as alcohol can relax the lower esophageal sphincter and increase reflux.
B. Practicing good oral hygiene is essential in preventing dental erosion and other complications associated with GERD, as stomach acid can damage teeth and gums.
C. Laying down after eating increases the risk of acid reflux, which can worsen GERD symptoms.
D. Citrus foods are acidic and can trigger GERD symptoms, so increasing their intake is not recommended.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A 55-year-old patient is diagnosed with colorectal cancer. Which factors are associated with an increased risk of developing this type of cancer? (Select All that Apply.)

Correct Answer is ["C","E","F"]

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client who continues to have issues with GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease). Which of the following statements provides the best preventative health care education for this client?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A patient with a severe bacterial infection has been prescribed a continuous IV infusion of an antibiotic at a rate of 5 mg/kg/hour. The patient weighs 72 kg. The pharmacy provides the antibiotic in a concentration of 400 mg/100 mL what will be the infusion rate?

A 60-year-old patient with a history of hypertension presents to the clinic for a routine check-up. Which of the following findings would indicate poor management of hypertension? (Select All that Apply.)

A 23-year-old patient is diagnosed with myoclonic seizures. Which of the following characteristics is most indicative of this type of seizure?

A 68-year-old male patient is presenting with urinary incontinence. Which characteristics are commonly associated with overflow incontinence and functional incontinence? (Select All that Apply.)

A nurse is planning care for a client who has multiple sclerosis and is receiving methylprednisolone. Which of the following adverse effects should the nurse anticipate? (Select all that apply.)

A nurse is preparing to administer oxygen therapy to a patient who has just undergone abdominal surgery. Which of the following interventions is most important to ensure proper oxygenation?

A nurse is planning care for a client who has hypernatremia. Which of the following IV solutions should the nurse plan to initiate?

A 45-year-old patient presents with epigastric pain, nausea, and bloating. The physician suspects gastritis. Which diagnostic test would be most appropriate to confirm the presence of Helicobacter pylori infection as a cause of gastritis?