A 5 ft 3 in (1.6 m), 113 lb (51.3 kg) client has a lipid profile of a total cholesterol of 267 mg/dL (6.92 mmol/L), a low-density lipoprotein (LDL) of 167 mg/dL (4.33 mmol/L), a high-density lipoprotein (HDL) of 85 mg/dL (2.2 mmol/L), triglycerides 79 mg/dL (0.89 mmol/L), and a very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) of 16 mg/dL (0.41 mmol/L). Based on these findings, it is most important for the nurse to teach the client to make every effort to completely avoid which foods?

Reference Range: Total Cholesterol [less than 200 mg/dL (less than 5.2 mmol/L)] LDL [less than 130 mg/dL (less than 3.4 mmol/L)] HDL [greater than 45 mg/dL (greater than 0.75 mmol/L)] VLDL [12 to 30 mg/dL (0.31 to 0.78 mmol/L)] Triglycerides [40 to 160 mg/dL (0.45 to 1.81 mmol/L)]

Cheese.

Eggs.

Nuts.

Shellfish.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A reason:

Cheese is high in saturated fats and cholesterol, which can significantly impact lipid levels. For a client with elevated total cholesterol and LDL levels, it is crucial to avoid foods that can exacerbate these conditions. Saturated fats found in cheese can increase LDL cholesterol, contributing to the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, avoiding cheese can help manage and reduce these lipid levels, promoting better heart health.

Choice B reason:

Eggs, particularly egg yolks, contain cholesterol, but recent studies suggest that dietary cholesterol has a smaller impact on blood cholesterol levels than previously thought. While moderation is key, eggs are not the primary concern compared to foods high in saturated fats like cheese. Therefore, while eggs should be consumed in moderation, they are not as critical to avoid as cheese for managing high cholesterol levels.

Choice C reason:

Nuts contain healthy fats, including unsaturated fats, which can actually help improve lipid profiles by lowering LDL cholesterol and raising HDL cholesterol. They are also a good source of protein and other nutrients. Therefore, nuts are not only safe but beneficial for someone managing their cholesterol levels, making them a good dietary choice.

Choice D reason:

Shellfish contain cholesterol, but like eggs, they have less impact on blood cholesterol levels compared to saturated fats. Additionally, shellfish are low in saturated fats and can be part of a heart-healthy diet when consumed in moderation. The primary dietary focus should be on reducing saturated fat intake, making shellfish less of a concern compared to cheese.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice C reason:

Lactating mothers who are breastfeeding need to drink the most amount of water to remain adequately hydrated. Breastfeeding increases a mother’s fluid needs because a significant amount of water is used to produce breast milk. Adequate hydration is essential to maintain milk production and overall health. Lactating mothers are advised to drink more fluids than the average adult to compensate for the fluid loss through breastfeeding.

Choice A reason:

Clients who are between the ages of 19 and 64 years old have standard hydration needs based on their activity level, climate, and overall health. While staying hydrated is important for this age group, their fluid requirements are not as high as those of lactating mothers.

Choice B reason:

Older adult clients who are receiving dialysis twice a week need to manage their fluid intake carefully. Dialysis patients often have fluid restrictions to prevent fluid overload, which can lead to complications. Therefore, they do not need to drink the most amount of water compared to other groups.

Choice D reason:

Adolescent females who are menstruating may experience increased fluid needs due to blood loss and hormonal changes, but their hydration requirements are not as high as those of lactating mothers. While it is important for them to stay hydrated, they do not need to drink the most amount of water.

A. Eat a high carbohydrate meal after running. B. Drink a liter of water during and after running. C. Consume a sports drink before and during training. D. Avoid drinking alcohol forty-eight hours before training.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice C reason:

Consuming a sports drink before and during training can help decrease the frequency of leg cramps by providing electrolytes such as sodium, potassium, and magnesium. These electrolytes are essential for muscle function and preventing cramps. Sports drinks also help maintain hydration, which is crucial for preventing muscle cramps during prolonged physical activity like marathon training.

Choice A reason:

Eating a high carbohydrate meal after running can help replenish glycogen stores but does not directly address the issue of leg cramps. Carbohydrates are important for energy recovery, but electrolytes and hydration are more critical for preventing cramps.

Choice B reason:

Drinking a liter of water during and after running is important for hydration but may not provide the necessary electrolytes to prevent leg cramps. While staying hydrated is crucial, the addition of electrolytes from a sports drink is more effective in preventing cramps.

Choice D reason:

Avoiding alcohol forty-eight hours before training is good advice for overall health and hydration but does not directly address the prevention of leg cramps. Alcohol can contribute to dehydration, but the primary focus should be on maintaining electrolyte balance and hydration during training.

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Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is planning a nutritional class for adequate daily intake of water. Which population of clients should drink the most amount of water to remain adequately hydrated?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A client who is training for a first marathon arrives at the clinic reporting an increase in the frequency of leg cramps. Which recommendation should the nurse provide to help decrease the frequency of leg cramps?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The nurse is conducting a nutritional class on foods that have been linked to help decrease the development of some forms of cancer. Which meal selection is the best choice to help reduce the risk of some cancers?

A client tells the home health nurse about being very health-conscious and primarily buying groceries at health food stores and farmers’ markets. It is most important for the nurse to provide the client with information related to the safety of which of the foods that the client might purchase?

Which breakfast selection should the nurse encourage a client to eat who is hospitalized with partial-thickness and full-thickness burns to both legs?

A client wants to increase intake of Vitamin E. Which snack should the nurse encourage?

The nurse is caring for an older adult client who needs to limit sodium intake. Which food should the nurse encourage the client to avoid?

A clear liquid breakfast is prescribed for a client who is scheduled for surgery later today. The client asks the nurse for a small cup of chocolate ice cream. Which action should the nurse take?

The nurse is preparing to review nutritional guidelines with older adult clients. Which action should the nurse recommend to this age group?

A client expresses an interest in reducing intake of saturated fats and plans to stop eating hamburgers at lunch. Which menu item should the nurse suggest as an alternative source of protein?