A 6-year-old child with daytime enuresis complains of dysuria and urgency. What does the nurse recognize these signs and symptoms indicate?

Urinary tract infection

Nephrotic syndrome

Acute glomerulonephritis

Vesicoureteral reflux

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Urinary tract infection: Dysuria (painful urination) and urgency are common symptoms of urinary tract infection (UTI) in children.
B. Nephrotic syndrome: Nephrotic syndrome typically presents with proteinuria, edema, and hypoalbuminemia, not dysuria and urgency.
C. Acute glomerulonephritis: Acute glomerulonephritis may present with hematuria, proteinuria, hypertension, and edema, but not typically with dysuria and urgency.
D. Vesicoureteral reflux: Vesicoureteral reflux may present with recurrent UTIs but is not typically associated with dysuria and urgency as primary symptoms.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Initiate isotonic fluids with 20 mEq/L potassium chloride. The priority in treating acute gastroenteritis in a toddler is to manage dehydration, which is often severe due to fluid loss from vomiting and diarrhea. Isotonic fluids with electrolytes like potassium chloride help to restore fluid balance and prevent complications like electrolyte imbalances. This is the most urgent action to stabilize the child's condition.
B. Request evaluation of the toddler's serum electrolytes. While important, this can be done after fluid resuscitation has begun to assess the severity of electrolyte imbalances.
C. Determine if the toddler is voiding. Important for assessing renal function, but not the first priority in acute gastroenteritis.
D. Collect a stool sample from the toddler. Useful for identifying the causative organism but not as urgent as fluid resuscitation.

A. evaluate the child's self-esteem B. encourage frequent voiding C. administer an antidiuretic D. restrict fluids

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Evaluate the child's self-esteem. Self-esteem evaluation is important in general nursing care but is not a specific intervention for managing urinary tract infections.
B. Encourage frequent voiding. Frequent voiding helps to flush out bacteria from the urinary tract and prevents stasis, which can reduce the risk of urinary tract infections.
C. Administer an antidiuretic. Antidiuretics reduce urine output and are not typically used in the treatment of urinary tract infections, which require adequate urine flow to flush out bacteria.
D. Restrict fluids. Adequate hydration is important in managing urinary tract infections to promote urine flow and help flush out bacteria. Fluid restriction is not appropriate unless otherwise indicated.

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A 6-year-old child with daytime enuresis complains of dysuria and urgency. What does the nurse recognize these signs and symptoms indicate?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is assisting with the admission of a 2-year-old toddler who has acute gastroenteritis. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse is contributing to the plan of care for a child who has a urinary tract infection. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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