A 60-year-old patient with a history of hypertension presents to the clinic for a routine check-up. Which of the following findings would indicate poor management of hypertension?
(Select All that Apply.)
Frequent headaches
Blood pressure consistently at goal
Normal renal function tests
Steady weight with no recent gain
Proteinuria on urinalysis
Left ventricular hypertrophy on echocardiogram
Absence of retinal changes on fundoscopic exam
Correct Answer : E,F
A. Frequent headaches can be a symptom of hypertension but are not specific to poorly managed hypertension.
B. Blood pressure consistently at goal indicates good management of hypertension.
C. Normal renal function tests suggest that there has been no damage to the kidneys, a common consequence of poorly controlled hypertension.
D. Steady weight with no recent gain suggests good management of overall health, which can contribute to better blood pressure control.
E. Proteinuria indicates kidney damage, often a result of uncontrolled hypertension.
F. Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is a sign of chronic hypertension and indicates poor management, as it results from the heart working harder to pump blood against increased pressure.
G. Absence of retinal changes on fundoscopic exam indicates that there is no evidence of hypertensive retinopathy, suggesting good hypertension management.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["A","B","D"]
Explanation
A. Genetics play a significant role in the development of multiple sclerosis (MS). Having a family history of MS increases the risk, suggesting a hereditary component to the condition.
B. Environmental factors, such as living in areas with low sunlight or viral infections like Epstein-Barr virus, have been linked to a higher incidence of MS, suggesting environmental triggers may contribute to disease onset.
C. Upper respiratory infections are not directly associated with the development of multiple sclerosis. While infections may trigger MS flare-ups, they are not primary contributors to its development.
D. Autoimmune factors are central to the pathophysiology of MS, where the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks the central nervous system, causing the characteristic lesions and nerve damage seen in MS.
E. Urinary tract infections are common complications in individuals with MS, but they do not contribute to the disease's development itself.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. A troponin level is used to diagnose cardiac injury, not multiple sclerosis. It does not help in confirming MS.
B. A myelogram is a diagnostic test for spinal cord disorders, but it is not typically used to diagnose multiple sclerosis.
C. A lumbar puncture is commonly performed to help diagnose multiple sclerosis. It can show abnormalities such as oligoclonal bands in the cerebrospinal fluid, which is suggestive of MS.
D. Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) is a marker for heart failure and is unrelated to the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis.
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