A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has long-term symptoms of GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease). Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the educational materials?

“It is important to follow up with a GI specialist for recommended surveillance for Barrett’s esophagus.”

“You will need to monitor for manifestations of liver issues.”

“Follow up with an endocrinologist as your risk for diabetes increases.”

“It is important to watch for manifestations of pancreatic cancer.”

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A Reason:

This is the correct answer. Long-term GERD can lead to Barrett’s esophagus, a condition where the esophageal lining changes and can increase the risk of developing esophageal cancer. Regular surveillance by a GI specialist is crucial for early detection and management of Barrett’s esophagus.

Choice B Reason:

Monitoring for liver issues is not directly related to GERD. While liver health is important, it is not a primary concern for patients with long-term GERD.

Choice C Reason:

There is no direct link between GERD and an increased risk of diabetes. Therefore, follow-up with an endocrinologist for diabetes risk is not specifically relevant to GERD management.

Choice D Reason:

Pancreatic cancer is not a known complication of GERD. The primary concerns with long-term GERD are esophageal complications, such as Barrett’s esophagus and esophageal cancer.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A Reason:

A healthy stoma should be pink or red, not purple. A purple stoma could indicate compromised blood flow and requires immediate medical attention.

Choice B Reason:

A sigmoid colostomy typically produces formed stool because it is located in the lower part of the colon, where water absorption occurs.

Choice C Reason:

The stoma itself should not be painful after the procedure. Pain may indicate complications such as infection or improper stoma care.

Choice D Reason:

This is the correct answer. A sigmoid colostomy is usually located in the left lower abdomen, as this is where the sigmoid colon is situated.

A. Cerebral edema is caused by cerebrospinal fluid flowing from the intraventricular space to the interstitial area of the brain. B. Cerebral edema is caused by osmotic cerebral edema. C. Cerebral edema is caused by the by-products of the pathogen that causes the meningitis. D. Cerebral edema is caused by whole body inflammation which affects the brain the most.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A Reason: Cerebral edema is caused by cerebrospinal fluid flowing from the intraventricular space to the interstitial area of the brain

This statement is not accurate. Cerebral edema in meningitis is not primarily caused by the flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the intraventricular space to the interstitial area. Instead, it is more related to the inflammatory response triggered by the infection.

Choice B Reason: Cerebral edema is caused by osmotic cerebral edema

Osmotic cerebral edema occurs when there is an imbalance in the osmotic pressure, leading to fluid accumulation in the brain. However, this is not the primary mechanism in meningitis. The edema in meningitis is more related to the inflammatory response and the by-products of the pathogen.

Choice C Reason: Cerebral edema is caused by the by-products of the pathogen that causes the meningitis

This statement is the most accurate. In meningitis, the infection triggers an inflammatory response, leading to the release of various by-products such as cytokines and other inflammatory mediators. These substances increase the permeability of the blood-brain barrier, resulting in fluid leakage and cerebral edema.

Choice D Reason: Cerebral edema is caused by whole body inflammation which affects the brain the most

While systemic inflammation can contribute to cerebral edema, the primary cause in meningitis is the localized inflammatory response in the brain and meninges. The by-products of the pathogen and the resulting inflammation are the main factors leading to cerebral edema.

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A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has long-term symptoms of GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease). Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the educational materials?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is teaching a client who is preoperative for a sigmoid colostomy. Which of the following statements should the nurse include?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client admitted with meningitis. The student nurse asks, “I know that the client has a lot of edema in the brain, but what causes it?” Which of the following responses from the nurse best answers the student’s question?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has long-term symptoms of GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease). Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the educational materials?

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