A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has long-term symptoms of GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease). Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the educational materials?

“It is important to follow up with a GI specialist for recommended surveillance for Barrett’s esophagus.”

“You will need to monitor for manifestations of liver issues.”

“Follow up with an endocrinologist as your risk for diabetes increases.”

“It is important to watch for manifestations of pancreatic cancer.”

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A Reason:

This is the correct answer. Long-term GERD can lead to Barrett’s esophagus, a condition where the esophageal lining changes and can increase the risk of developing esophageal cancer. Regular surveillance by a GI specialist is crucial for early detection and management of Barrett’s esophagus.

Choice B Reason:

Monitoring for liver issues is not directly related to GERD. While liver health is important, it is not a primary concern for patients with long-term GERD.

Choice C Reason:

There is no direct link between GERD and an increased risk of diabetes. Therefore, follow-up with an endocrinologist for diabetes risk is not specifically relevant to GERD management.

Choice D Reason:

Pancreatic cancer is not a known complication of GERD. The primary concerns with long-term GERD are esophageal complications, such as Barrett’s esophagus and esophageal cancer.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A Reason: Autoimmune disorder affecting the bones

Osteoporosis is not an autoimmune disorder. Autoimmune disorders involve the immune system attacking the body’s own tissues, which is not the case with osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is primarily characterized by a decrease in bone density and mass, leading to fragile bones.

Choice B Reason: Buildup of inflammation in the joints

While inflammation can affect bone health, osteoporosis is not primarily caused by inflammation in the joints. Conditions like rheumatoid arthritis involve joint inflammation, but osteoporosis involves the loss of bone density and strength, not joint inflammation.

Choice C Reason: Increase in calcium levels in the blood

An increase in calcium levels in the blood is not a characteristic of osteoporosis. In fact, osteoporosis often involves a decrease in bone calcium content, leading to weaker bones. Hypercalcemia, or high calcium levels in the blood, is associated with other conditions such as hyperparathyroidism.

Choice D Reason: Bone loss in the cortical and cancellous bones

This is the correct description of the pathophysiology of osteoporosis. Osteoporosis involves the loss of bone density in both the cortical (hard outer layer) and cancellous (spongy inner layer) bones. This loss leads to bones becoming brittle and more susceptible to fractures.

A. “When did you have your last physical?” B. “Do you have any family members with Parkinson’s disease?” C. “What kind of work do you do?” D. “How much coffee do you drink every day?”

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A Reason:

Asking about the last physical exam is important for understanding the client’s overall health history, but it is not the most critical question for assessing the risk factors specific to Parkinson’s disease.

Choice B Reason:

This is the correct answer. Family history is a significant risk factor for Parkinson’s disease. Genetic factors can play a role in the development of the disease, and knowing if any family members have Parkinson’s can help in understanding the client’s risk and planning appropriate care.

Choice C Reason:

While occupational history can provide insights into potential environmental exposures that might contribute to Parkinson’s disease, it is not as directly relevant as family history in assessing the risk of developing the disease.

Choice D Reason:

The amount of coffee consumed daily is not directly related to the risk of developing Parkinson’s disease. Some studies suggest that caffeine might have a protective effect, but this is not a primary factor in assessing the disease.

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A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has long-term symptoms of GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease). Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the educational materials?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for an older adult client who has osteoporosis. Which of the following should the nurse recognize as the pathophysiology of osteoporosis?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client who is newly diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease. The client states, “I have no idea why I got this.” Which of the following is the most important question the nurse should ask this client while performing the assessment?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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