Linda, a 45-year-old patient, is admitted for pneumonia. She has a productive cough.Which respiratory defense mechanism is primarily responsible for removing the pathogenic microorganisms?

Filtration of air

Reflex bronchoconstriction

Alveolar macrophages

Cough reflex

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A.   This mechanism helps to remove particles and microorganisms from the air before they enter the lungs but is not primarily responsible for removing pathogens already present in the lungs.

B.   Bronchoconstriction typically occurs in response to irritants or allergens and is not directly involved in removing pathogens.
C.   While alveolar macrophages play a role in immune defense within the lungs, they are not the primary mechanism for removing pathogens causing pneumonia.
D.   The cough reflex is the body's primary mechanism for expelling pathogens and debris from the respiratory tract, making it the most appropriate choice in this scenario.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Increasing sun exposure would actually increase the risk of sun damage and skin cancer rather than minimizing it.
B. While water-resistant sunscreens are important for protection during swimming, they are not the only measure needed to reduce sun damage, especially during extended sun exposure periods.
C. A sunscreen with SPF of at least 10 may not provide sufficient protection, especially for someone spending extended periods of time in direct sunlight. Higher SPF is generally recommended.
D. Avoiding direct sun exposure between 10 AM and 2 PM is crucial because during these hours, the sun's rays are the strongest, increasing the risk of sunburn and skin

damage. Opting for shade or protective clothing during these hours can significantly reduce the risk of sun damage.

A. Tonsillitis B. Allergic Rhinitis C. Eustachian Tube Dysfunction D. Labyrinthitis E. Labyrinthitis

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Tonsillitis presents with sore throat, difficulty swallowing, and inflamed tonsils, but it is not typically associated with ear pain, tenderness behind the ear, or a history of recurrent ear infections.
B. Allergic rhinitis typically presents with nasal congestion, sneezing, and itchy, watery eyes, but it does not cause chronic ear pain or tenderness behind the ear.
C. Chronic ear pain, tenderness behind the ear, and a history of recurrent ear infections suggest dysfunction of the Eustachian tube, which can lead to fluid accumulation and pressure changes in the middle ear.
D. Labyrinthitis presents with vertigo, nausea, and hearing loss, which are not mentioned in Susan's symptoms.

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Linda, a 45-year-old patient, is admitted for pneumonia. She has a productive cough.Which respiratory defense mechanism is primarily responsible for removing the pathogenic microorganisms?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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