Linda, a 45-year-old patient, is admitted for pneumonia. She has a productive cough.Which respiratory defense mechanism is primarily responsible for removing the pathogenic microorganisms?
Filtration of air
Reflex bronchoconstriction
Alveolar macrophages
Cough reflex
Cough reflex
The Correct Answer is D
A. This mechanism helps to remove particles and microorganisms from the air before they enter the lungs but is not primarily responsible for removing pathogens already present in the lungs.
B. Bronchoconstriction typically occurs in response to irritants or allergens and is not directly involved in removing pathogens.
C. While alveolar macrophages play a role in immune defense within the lungs, they are not the primary mechanism for removing pathogens causing pneumonia.
D. The cough reflex is the body's primary mechanism for expelling pathogens and debris from the respiratory tract, making it the most appropriate choice in this scenario.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Alveolar macrophages are involved in immune defense within the lungs but are not directly responsible for bronchospasm.
B. This system helps remove mucus and trapped particles from the airways but does not directly cause bronchospasm.
C. Exposure to cold air can trigger reflex bronchoconstriction as a protective mechanism to prevent the entry of cold air into the lungs.
D. Filtration of air occurs primarily in the upper airways and does not directly relate to bronchospasm triggered by cold air inhalation.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. There's no indication of a bacterial infection, so antibiotics are not warranted.
B. A biopsy may be considered if the diagnosis is uncertain, but it's not the first-line action.
C. Tretinoin is typically used for conditions like acne or photoaging, not for eczematous lesions.
D. Corticosteroid creams are commonly used to reduce inflammation and itching associated with eczema, making this the most appropriate action.
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