Linda, a 45-year-old patient, is admitted for pneumonia. She has a productive cough.Which respiratory defense mechanism is primarily responsible for removing the pathogenic microorganisms?

Filtration of air

Reflex bronchoconstriction

Alveolar macrophages

Cough reflex

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A.   This mechanism helps to remove particles and microorganisms from the air before they enter the lungs but is not primarily responsible for removing pathogens already present in the lungs.

B.   Bronchoconstriction typically occurs in response to irritants or allergens and is not directly involved in removing pathogens.
C.   While alveolar macrophages play a role in immune defense within the lungs, they are not the primary mechanism for removing pathogens causing pneumonia.
D.   The cough reflex is the body's primary mechanism for expelling pathogens and debris from the respiratory tract, making it the most appropriate choice in this scenario.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Exposure to strong odors can trigger reflex bronchoconstriction, leading to symptoms like difficulty breathing and chest tightness, especially in individuals with hypersensitive airways.
B. While the mucociliary clearance system plays a role in removing inhaled particles and irritants from the airways, it is not primarily responsible for acute symptoms like difficulty breathing.
C. Alveolar macrophages are involved in phagocytosis and defense against inhaled particles and pathogens but are not directly involved in causing acute respiratory symptoms like bronchoconstriction.
D. Chemoreceptors primarily regulate respiratory drive in response to changes in blood gases and pH but are not directly responsible for bronchoconstriction in response to odor exposure.

A. Frequently changing the patient's position for comfort. B. Stimulating the patient every hour to assess LOC. C. Keeping the patient in a supine position. D. Elevating the head of the bed 20 to 30 degrees.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. While position changes are important, maintaining proper head positioning is crucial for managing increased intracranial pressure (ICP).
B. While assessing the patient's level of consciousness is important, excessive stimulation can increase ICP.
C. Keeping the patient flat can exacerbate increased ICP, and elevation of the head is preferred.
D. Elevating the head of the bed helps promote venous drainage from the brain and can reduce ICP.

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Linda, a 45-year-old patient, is admitted for pneumonia. She has a productive cough.Which respiratory defense mechanism is primarily responsible for removing the pathogenic microorganisms?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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