A 65-year-old male patient presents with sudden onset of oliguria and signs of dehydration His blood pressure is 90/60 mmHg, heart rate is 110 bpm and he has poor skin turgor. Laboratory results show elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN and creatinine levels. Which of the following is the most likely cause of his acute kidney injury (AKI)?

Hypovolemia leading to decreased renal perfusion

Acute tubular necrosis

Urinary tract obstruction

Chronic kidney disease

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Hypovolemia leading to decreased renal perfusion. Hypovolemia from dehydration and low blood pressure reduces blood flow to the kidneys, resulting in pre-renal AKI, characterized by elevated BUN and creatinine.

B. Acute tubular necrosis. Acute tubular necrosis may cause AKI but is often due to prolonged hypoperfusion, nephrotoxic drugs, or ischemia, not the immediate presentation seen here.

C. Urinary tract obstruction. A urinary tract obstruction leads to post-renal AKI, often with symptoms like flank pain or difficulty urinating, not dehydration and low blood pressure.

D. Chronic kidney disease. Chronic kidney disease is a long-term condition and would not cause the acute symptoms or sudden onset of AKI as seen in this patient.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Frequent urination. Frequent urination is not typically associated with Crohn’s disease, which primarily affects the gastrointestinal system.

B. Jaundice. Jaundice is related to liver or biliary system issues and is not a common symptom of Crohn’s disease.

C. Joint pain. While Crohn’s disease may be associated with extraintestinal symptoms, joint pain is not as common as gastrointestinal symptoms during an exacerbation.

D. Abdominal pain and cramping. Abdominal pain and cramping are common symptoms of Crohn’s disease, especially during flare-ups, due to inflammation in the digestive tract.

A. Administering pain medication B. Applying a cool, wet cloth to burned areas. C. Administering high flow oxygen via a non-rebreather mask D. Initiating intravenous fluid resuscitation

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Administering pain medication: Pain management is essential, but in this case, the primary concern is potential airway compromise due to inhalation injury, which should be addressed first.

B. Applying a cool, wet cloth to burned areas: Cooling burned areas can help with pain and reduce burn severity but is not the priority in a case of suspected inhalation injury with airway compromise.

C. Administering high-flow oxygen via a non-rebreather mask: This client is at high risk for respiratory compromise due to inhalation injury; administering high-flow oxygen is the priority to ensure adequate oxygenation.

D. Initiating intravenous fluid resuscitation: Fluid resuscitation is essential for burn patients but is not the immediate priority over addressing potential airway and oxygenation issues.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A patient with Crohn’s disease is experiencing an exacerbation. Which if the following symptoms should the nurse expect to find?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client who sustained burns in an enclosed space and is exhibiting singed nasal hair, black sputum and smoky smelling breath. What is the nurse’s priority intervention?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A nurse is gathering medical history from a client admitted for pyelonephritis. Which of the following should the nurse expect the client to report when asked about their medical history?

A patient with multiple sclerosis (MS) is receiving treatment with methylprednisolone during an acute exacerbation. Which of the following is the expected therapeutic effect of this treatment?

The nurse is providing care for a client who is at high risk for developing pressure injuries. Which intervention should the nurse include in the care plan to help prevent the development of pressure Injuries?

A patient with active gastrointestinal bleeding is being monitored for complications. Which of the following signs indicates the patient is developing hypovolemic shock?

A 45-year-old male patient complaints of chronic stomach pain and is diagnosed with a Helicobacter pylori infection. The physician decided to initiate triple therapy. Which combination of medications is most appropriate for this treatment?

The nurse is educating a patient with diabetes about long-term complications of the disease. Which of the following complications should the nurse include in the teaching?

A patient is recovering from a myocardial infarction (MI). Which of the following complications should the nurse be most concerned about if the patient reports new-onset shortness of breath and irregular heartbeats?