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A patient with Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH) may present with which of the following symptoms?

A.

Hypotension

B.

Dry mucous membranes

C.

Increased thirst

D.

Confusion or altered mental status

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Hypotension: Patients with SIADH typically have fluid retention, which can lead to hypertension, not hypotension.

B. Dry mucous membranes: In SIADH, fluid retention is common, so mucous membranes are usually moist, not dry.

C. Increased thirst: While thirst can occur in various conditions, it is not a primary symptom of SIADH.

D. Confusion or altered mental status: Confusion or altered mental status may occur in SIADH due to hyponatremia from excessive water retention.


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Reduction of inflammation and suppression of immune responses. Methylprednisolone is a corticosteroid that reduces inflammation and suppresses immune responses, which can help manage the acute exacerbations of MS.

B. Stimulation of nerve regeneration. Methylprednisolone does not stimulate nerve regeneration; it focuses on reducing inflammation.

C. Improvement in cognitive function. Cognitive improvement is not a primary goal of methylprednisolone in MS management, though reducing inflammation may indirectly benefit cognition.

D. Increase in muscle strength and coordination. While reducing inflammation can improve symptoms, methylprednisolone itself does not directly increase muscle strength or coordination.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Pain in the neck when the patient flexes their head towards the chest. This describes nuchal rigidity, not Kernig sign.

B. Involuntary flexion of the hips and knees when the neck is flexed. This describes Brudzinski sign, not Kernig sign.

C. Photophobia and headache triggered by bright light. These are symptoms of meningitis, but they are not specific to Kernig sign.

D. Pain and resistance when attempting to extend the patient's leg from a flexed position. A positive Kernig sign is when there is pain and resistance to leg extension from a flexed hip and knee position, indicating meningeal irritation.

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