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A nursing student is reviewing the pathophysiology and management of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD). Which of the following statements are accurate regarding GERD?
(Select All that Apply.)

Smoking can exacerbate GERD symptoms.

GERD is primarily caused by excessive production of stomach acid.

GERD is caused by the relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter.

Elevating the head of the bed can help reduce GERD symptoms.

A diet high in citrus fruits is recommended for GERD management

Antibiotics are the first-line treatment for GERD.

Obesity is a risk factor for GERD.

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,C,D,G

A.   Smoking can exacerbate GERD symptoms. It weakens the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), increasing the likelihood of acid reflux.
B.   GERD is not primarily caused by excessive production of stomach acid. It is usually due to a failure of the lower esophageal sphincter to prevent the backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus.
C.   GERD is caused by the relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter. When the LES is weakened or relaxes abnormally, acid can reflux into the esophagus, causing symptoms.
D.   Elevating the head of the bed can help reduce GERD symptoms. It helps to prevent acid from moving back into the esophagus during sleep.
E.   A diet high in citrus fruits is not recommended for GERD management. Citrus fruits can aggravate acid reflux symptoms.
F.   Antibiotics are not the first-line treatment for GERD. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) or H2 blockers are typically used to manage GERD symptoms.
G.   Obesity is a risk factor for GERD. It can increase intra-abdominal pressure, which may contribute to the reflux of acid into the esophagus.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Administering an anti-diarrheal medication as prescribed might help control the symptoms, but it is important to address the underlying cause of the diarrhea first, such as adjusting the feeding.
B. Increasing water flushes may help with hydration, but it does not specifically address the diarrhea caused by the enteral feeding. It's more important to manage the feeding itself.
C. Switching the feeding method to bolus feeding could increase the risk of aspiration and discomfort. Continuous feeding is generally safer and better tolerated in this context.
D. Decreasing the feeding rate and consulting the dietitian for a fiber-enriched formula is the most appropriate response. Adjusting the feeding rate can help reduce gastrointestinal upset, and a fiber- enriched formula can help firm up stools.

A. Using a tartar and plaque-reducing mouthwash can decrease the incidence of caries. B. As of 2020, the 5-year survival rate of oral cancer remains low at less than 50%. C. Brushing and flossing your teeth decreases the incidence of cardiovascular disease. D. Untreated caries can contribute to tooth loss and negatively impact a client's quality of life.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Using mouthwash may reduce tartar and plaque, but it does not address the severe risks associated with tobacco use, such as oral cancer.
B. The 5-year survival rate for oral cancer is low, but it is not specifically tied to the year 2020 and should be emphasized in a broader context.
C. Brushing and flossing are essential for oral health, but they do not directly relate to cardiovascular disease prevention.
D. Tobacco use can significantly increase the risk of caries, tooth loss, and other oral health problems, negatively affecting the client's quality of life.

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A nursing student is reviewing the pathophysiology and management of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD). Which of the following statements are accurate regarding GERD? (Select All that Apply.)

Nursing Test Bank

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A nursing student is reviewing the pathophysiology and management of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD). Which of the following statements are accurate regarding GERD?
(Select All that Apply.)