A charge nurse is providing an in-service to a group of nurses about hypomagnesemia. Which of the following should the charge nurse include as risk factors for this condition? (Select all that apply.)

Clients who have had gastric bypass surgery

Clients who have renal failure

Clients receiving opioid pain medications

Clients who are in the intensive care unit

Clients undergoing hemodialysis

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,B,D,E

A. Clients who have had gastric bypass surgery: Gastric bypass surgery can lead to decreased absorption of nutrients, including magnesium, making these clients at higher risk for hypomagnesemia.

B. Clients who have renal failure: Renal failure can impair the kidneys' ability to excrete magnesium, potentially leading to hypomagnesemia.

C. Clients receiving opioid pain medications: Opioids are not directly associated with hypomagnesemia. They may have other side effects but do not typically cause low magnesium levels.

D. Clients who are in the intensive care unit: ICU patients are at risk for various electrolyte imbalances, including hypomagnesemia, due to critical illness, medications, and other factors.

E. Clients undergoing hemodialysis: Hemodialysis can lead to loss of magnesium, making these patients more susceptible to hypomagnesemia.

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Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D"]

Explanation

A. Dyspnea: Shortness of breath is a common and significant symptom of COPD, resulting from the narrowing of airways and difficulty in expelling air.

B. Chronic cough: A persistent cough, often productive, is a hallmark of COPD. It is typically a response to chronic irritation and inflammation of the airways.

C. Wheezing: Wheezing is a common symptom of COPD due to the constriction of airways and turbulent airflow through narrowed airways.

D. Sputum production: Increased sputum production is common in COPD, especially in chronic bronchitis type of COPD, where inflammation leads to excess mucus production.

E. Chest tightness: While chest tightness can occur in COPD, it is less commonly emphasized compared to the other symptoms listed. The primary symptoms are generally more focused on dyspnea, cough, wheezing, and sputum production.

A. Respiratory alkalosis B. Metabolic acidosis C. Metabolic alkalosis D. Respiratory acidosis

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Respiratory alkalosis: This condition is characterized by a high pH and low PaCO2. In this case, the pH is low and PaCO2 is high, indicating that respiratory alkalosis is not present.

B. Metabolic acidosis: Metabolic acidosis is indicated by a low pH and a low bicarbonate level. Here, the pH is low but the bicarbonate level is normal, so metabolic acidosis is not the primary diagnosis.

C. Metabolic alkalosis: This condition involves a high pH and elevated bicarbonate. The pH in this case is low, so metabolic alkalosis is not present.

D. Respiratory acidosis: Respiratory acidosis is indicated by a low pH and high PaCO2. The client's pH is 7.22 (acidic) and PaCO2 is 68 mm Hg (elevated), which is consistent with respiratory acidosis. The bicarbonate level is normal, indicating that there is no significant metabolic compensation yet.

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A charge nurse is providing an in-service to a group of nurses about hypomagnesemia. Which of the following should the charge nurse include as risk factors for this condition? (Select all that apply.)

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Which of the following are the most common manifestations of COPD? (Select all that apply.)

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D"]

Explanation

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A charge nurse is reinforcing teaching to a group of nurses about hydrostatic pressure. Which of the following should the nurse include as a contributor to hydrostatic pressure?

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