A nurse is collecting data from a client who reports persistent vomiting, dizziness, palpitations, and numbness and tingling in his fingers and toes, and around his mouth.
The nurse notes the client's respirations are slow and shallow.
The nurse should suspect that the client has developed which of the following acid-base imbalances?

Metabolic acidosis.

Metabolic alkalosis.

Respiratory alkalosis.

Respiratory acidosis.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A rationale:

Metabolic acidosis would likely present with rapid, deep breathing (Kussmaul respirations), not slow and shallow breathing.

Choice B rationale:

The client’s symptoms of vomiting (which can cause a loss of stomach acid), dizziness, palpitations, and numbness and tingling in the extremities and around the mouth are consistent with metabolic alkalosis.

Choice C rationale:

Respiratory alkalosis would likely present with rapid breathing, not slow and shallow breathing.

Choice D rationale:

Respiratory acidosis would likely present with rapid, shallow breathing, not slow and shallow breathing.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale:

Tachycardia, or a rapid heart rate, is a common early sign of hypovolemic shock as the body tries to compensate for the decreased blood volume by increasing the heart rate.

Choice B rationale:

Diminished urine output is a sign of hypovolemic shock, but it is not typically an early sign.

Choice C rationale:

Cold, clammy skin is a sign of hypovolemic shock, but it is not typically an early sign.

Choice D rationale:

Unconsciousness is a late sign of hypovolemic shock, indicating severe blood loss and inadequate perfusion to the brain.

A. Veins carry oxygenated blood away from the heart, while arteries carry deoxygenated blood toward the heart. B. Veins carry deoxygenated blood away from the heart, while arteries carry oxygenated blood toward the heart. C. Veins carry deoxygenated blood toward the heart, while arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart. D. Veins carry oxygenated blood toward the heart, while arteries carry deoxygenated blood away from the heart.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A rationale:

This statement is incorrect. Veins do not carry oxygenated blood away from the heart, and arteries do not carry deoxygenated blood toward the heart.

Choice B rationale:

This statement is incorrect. While it is true that veins carry deoxygenated blood, they carry it toward the heart, not away from it. Similarly, arteries carry oxygenated blood, but they carry it away from the heart, not toward it.

Choice C rationale:

This statement is correct. In the circulatory system, veins carry deoxygenated blood toward the heart, while arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart.

Choice D rationale:

This statement is incorrect. Veins do not carry oxygenated blood toward the heart, and arteries do not carry deoxygenated blood away from the heart.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse assisting in the collection of data for a client who is in the early compensatory stage of hypovolemic shock.Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse is attending a seminar about blood flow through the heart.The hospital MD is conducting an inservice about blood flow in veins and arteries.In the circulatory system, generally,.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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