A charge nurse is teaching a group of staff members about hand hygiene. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?

Compliance of hand washing among staff members is less than 50%.

Hand hygiene is the most important step to prevent spreading of infection.

Alcohol-based hand gel is an acceptable method of hand hygiene.

One out of 40 clients obtain a healthcare-associated infection HAI.

Clients should be instructed about hand hygiene.

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,B,C,D,E

A.   This information highlights the importance of improving hand hygiene practices among healthcare workers. Low compliance rates indicate a need for education, reminders, and possibly changes in the healthcare facility's policies and procedures to encourage better adherence to hand hygiene protocols.
B.   Hand hygiene is indeed one of the most critical measures to prevent the transmission of infections in healthcare settings. Proper hand hygiene (either washing with soap and water or using alcohol-based hand rubs) helps reduce the spread of pathogens from person to person, from surfaces to patients, and vice versa.
C.   Alcohol-based hand sanitizers (gels, foams, or rubs) are effective and convenient for hand hygiene in healthcare settings. They are recommended by healthcare authorities like the CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) and WHO (World Health Organization) as they quickly reduce the number of microbes on hands when soap and water are not readily available or practical.
D.   This statistic underscores the risk of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and the importance of preventive measures such as hand hygiene. Healthcare workers play a crucial role in reducing HAIs through proper hand hygiene practices.
E.   Educating clients about hand hygiene is essential for infection prevention, especially in settings where clients can actively participate in their own care (e.g., hospitals, outpatient clinics, long-term care facilities). Clients should be encouraged to practice hand hygiene, particularly after using the restroom, before eating, and after touching surfaces that may harbor pathogens.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Oral hypoglycemic medications are often prescribed to lower blood glucose levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. They work by either increasing insulin production, improving insulin sensitivity, or reducing glucose production by the liver. These medications are typically considered when lifestyle modifications alone are insufficient to achieve target blood glucose levels.
B. Insulin therapy is considered in type 2 diabetes who cannot achieve adequate glucose control with oral medications alone.
C. Peritoneal dialysis is not typically indicated as a secondary prevention measure for diabetes mellitus. Peritoneal dialysis is a treatment for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) when the kidneys can no longer function effectively.
D. Fluid restrictions may be necessary in clients with advanced kidney disease (nephropathy) resulting from diabetes. However, fluid restrictions alone do not constitute a secondary prevention action for diabetes mellitus itself.

A. hoarseness. B. dysphagia. C. weight loss. D. dyspnea.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Hoarseness or changes in voice quality is one of the hallmark symptoms of laryngeal cancer. It occurs due to the tumor affecting the vocal cords or surrounding structures. Hoarseness is often persistent and does not resolve with voice rest or usual treatments for laryngitis.
B. Dysphagia, or difficulty swallowing, can occur in laryngeal cancer, especially if the tumor affects the structures involved in swallowing. However, dysphagia typically occurs later in the course of the disease as the tumor grows and obstructs the passage of food or liquids.
C. Weight loss can be a symptom of advanced laryngeal cancer but is less commonly reported as an early manifestation. Significant weight loss may occur as a result of difficulty eating due to dysphagia or as a generalized effect of cancer on the body.
D. Dyspnea, or difficulty breathing, is not typically an early manifestation of laryngeal cancer unless the tumor is large and obstructs the airway. It is more commonly associated with advanced disease or tumors that have spread to nearby structures.

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A charge nurse is teaching a group of staff members about hand hygiene. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?

Nursing Test Bank

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Explanation

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Explanation

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