A client asks the nurse about the causative agents of hepatitis. Which statement by the nurse is correct?
"Hepatitis C is caused by a defective single-stranded RNA virus.”
"Hepatitis B is caused by a non-enveloped single-stranded RNA virus.”
"Hepatitis A is caused by an enveloped single-stranded RNA virus.”
"Hepatitis E is caused by a partially double-stranded DNA virus.”
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A rationale:
Hepatitis C is indeed caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV), which is a single-stranded RNA virus. The virus is classified under the Flaviviridae family and is known for its high genetic variability, leading to the development of multiple genotypes and subtypes. The RNA genome of HCV is not defective, but rather highly adaptable, making it challenging to develop effective vaccines and treatments. Hepatitis C is primarily transmitted through exposure to infected blood, sharing needles, and, less commonly, through sexual contact and from mother to child during childbirth.
Choice B rationale:
Hepatitis B (HBV) is caused by a partially double-stranded DNA virus, not a non-enveloped single-stranded RNA virus. HBV belongs to the Hepadnaviridae family, and it is transmitted through contact with infected body fluids, such as blood, semen, or vaginal fluids. HBV can cause both acute and chronic liver infections.
Choice C rationale:
Hepatitis A (HAV) is caused by an enveloped single-stranded RNA virus, not hepatitis
C. HAV is transmitted through the fecal-oral route, typically due to contaminated food or water. It is usually a self-limiting disease that does not lead to chronic liver problems.
Choice D rationale:
Hepatitis E (HEV) is caused by a single-stranded RNA virus, but it is not partially double-stranded DNA, as stated in this choice. HEV is typically transmitted through the fecal-oral route, similar to HAV, and it can cause acute hepatitis, particularly in pregnant women, but it does not require a prior hepatitis B infection for transmission.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Needle sharing is associated with the transmission of hepatitis C and HIV, but not hepatitis
A. Hepatitis A is primarily transmitted through the fecal-oral route, usually by consuming food or water contaminated with the virus. Poor sanitation, inadequate hygiene, and consumption of raw or undercooked shellfish are common factors in the spread of hepatitis
A.
Choice B rationale:
Blood transfusion is not a mode of transmission for hepatitis
A. Hepatitis A is mainly transmitted through oral-fecal contact and does not involve the exchange of blood products.
Choice C rationale:
Ingestion of contaminated food or water is the primary mode of transmission for hepatitis
A. The virus is excreted in the feces of infected individuals, and people can become infected by ingesting food or water that has been contaminated with the virus. Proper food handling, handwashing, and access to clean drinking water are essential in preventing the spread of hepatitis
A.
Choice D rationale:
Sexual contact is associated with the transmission of hepatitis B and other sexually transmitted infections, but it is not a significant mode of transmission for hepatitis
A. Hepatitis A is mainly spread through fecal-oral transmission and does not commonly involve sexual contact.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Hepatitis C is indeed caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV), which is a single-stranded RNA virus. The virus is classified under the Flaviviridae family and is known for its high genetic variability, leading to the development of multiple genotypes and subtypes. The RNA genome of HCV is not defective, but rather highly adaptable, making it challenging to develop effective vaccines and treatments. Hepatitis C is primarily transmitted through exposure to infected blood, sharing needles, and, less commonly, through sexual contact and from mother to child during childbirth.
Choice B rationale:
Hepatitis B (HBV) is caused by a partially double-stranded DNA virus, not a non-enveloped single-stranded RNA virus. HBV belongs to the Hepadnaviridae family, and it is transmitted through contact with infected body fluids, such as blood, semen, or vaginal fluids. HBV can cause both acute and chronic liver infections.
Choice C rationale:
Hepatitis A (HAV) is caused by an enveloped single-stranded RNA virus, not hepatitis
C. HAV is transmitted through the fecal-oral route, typically due to contaminated food or water. It is usually a self-limiting disease that does not lead to chronic liver problems.
Choice D rationale:
Hepatitis E (HEV) is caused by a single-stranded RNA virus, but it is not partially double-stranded DNA, as stated in this choice. HEV is typically transmitted through the fecal-oral route, similar to HAV, and it can cause acute hepatitis, particularly in pregnant women, but it does not require a prior hepatitis B infection for transmission.
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