A client asks the nurse about the causative agents of hepatitis. Which statement by the nurse is correct?
"Hepatitis C is caused by a defective single-stranded RNA virus.”
"Hepatitis B is caused by a non-enveloped single-stranded RNA virus.”
"Hepatitis A is caused by an enveloped single-stranded RNA virus.”
"Hepatitis E is caused by a partially double-stranded DNA virus.”
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A rationale:
Hepatitis C is indeed caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV), which is a single-stranded RNA virus. The virus is classified under the Flaviviridae family and is known for its high genetic variability, leading to the development of multiple genotypes and subtypes. The RNA genome of HCV is not defective, but rather highly adaptable, making it challenging to develop effective vaccines and treatments. Hepatitis C is primarily transmitted through exposure to infected blood, sharing needles, and, less commonly, through sexual contact and from mother to child during childbirth.
Choice B rationale:
Hepatitis B (HBV) is caused by a partially double-stranded DNA virus, not a non-enveloped single-stranded RNA virus. HBV belongs to the Hepadnaviridae family, and it is transmitted through contact with infected body fluids, such as blood, semen, or vaginal fluids. HBV can cause both acute and chronic liver infections.
Choice C rationale:
Hepatitis A (HAV) is caused by an enveloped single-stranded RNA virus, not hepatitis
C. HAV is transmitted through the fecal-oral route, typically due to contaminated food or water. It is usually a self-limiting disease that does not lead to chronic liver problems.
Choice D rationale:
Hepatitis E (HEV) is caused by a single-stranded RNA virus, but it is not partially double-stranded DNA, as stated in this choice. HEV is typically transmitted through the fecal-oral route, similar to HAV, and it can cause acute hepatitis, particularly in pregnant women, but it does not require a prior hepatitis B infection for transmission.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Avoiding contact with infected animals is not a primary mode of transmission for hepatitis
B. Although some animal species can carry the hepatitis B virus, the primary modes of transmission in humans are through exposure to infected blood, sexual contact, and perinatal transmission from mother to child.
Choice B rationale:
Practicing safe sex with a monogamous partner is an important preventive measure for hepatitis B transmission. The virus can be transmitted through sexual contact, so using barrier methods like condoms and having a mutually monogamous relationship can reduce the risk of infection.
Choice C rationale:
Sharing personal care items with family members is not a preventive measure for hepatitis B transmission. In fact, sharing personal items like toothbrushes or razors can potentially increase the risk of transmission, especially if there is any exchange of blood.
Choice D rationale:
Using intravenous drugs with a clean needle is a preventive measure for blood-borne infections like hepatitis B and C. However, it is not a preventive measure for hepatitis B transmission through sexual contact or perinatal transmission.
Correct Answer is ["A","C","D","E"]
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Prioritizing hydration is essential in the care of a client with hepatitis E infection. Hepatitis E is transmitted through contaminated water and can cause dehydration due to symptoms like vomiting and diarrhea. Hydration helps maintain fluid balance and supports overall recovery.
Choice C rationale:
Pain relief is crucial for managing symptoms associated with hepatitis E infection. The client may experience abdominal pain and discomfort, and providing appropriate pain relief measures can enhance their comfort during the recovery period.
Choice D rationale:
Nutrition support is vital in the care of a client with hepatitis E infection. The disease can cause nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite, leading to malnutrition. Providing adequate nutrition helps support the immune system and aids in the healing process.
Choice E rationale:
Antipyretics may be necessary for managing fever, which is a common symptom of hepatitis
E. Controlling fever can help improve the client's comfort and prevent complications associated with high body temperature.
Choice B rationale:
Antiviral therapy is not a standard treatment for hepatitis E infection. In most cases, the infection is self-limiting and resolves on its own without specific antiviral medications.
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