A nurse is educating a patient diagnosed with hepatitis A about self-care measures. Which statement by the nurse is appropriate?
"You should avoid alcohol and hepatotoxic drugs.”
"You may need to receive the hepatitis C vaccine for prevention.”
"It's essential to monitor your liver function regularly.”
"Taking antiviral therapy will help manage the side effects.”
Correct Answer : A
Choice A rationale:
Advising the patient to avoid alcohol and hepatotoxic drugs is appropriate because in hepatitis A, the liver is already inflamed and compromised. Alcohol and hepatotoxic drugs can further damage the liver and impede the healing process. It is essential to protect the liver from further harm during recovery.
Choice B rationale:
The patient has hepatitis A, not hepatitis C, so there is no need for the hepatitis C vaccine. The hepatitis A vaccine is available for prevention, not the hepatitis C vaccine.
Choice C rationale:
While monitoring liver function is essential for individuals with liver disease, this statement is not specifically relevant to the patient with hepatitis
A. Monitoring liver function is more critical for chronic liver diseases like hepatitis B and C.
Choice D rationale:
Antiviral therapy is not indicated for hepatitis A since the infection usually resolves on its own. This statement is not appropriate for the patient with hepatitis
A.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice D rationale:
This statement accurately differentiates between acute and chronic hepatitis. Acute hepatitis is a short-term inflammation of the liver that typically resolves within six months. It can be caused by various factors, including viral infections (e.g., hepatitis A, B, and C), alcohol consumption, or drug toxicity. On the other hand, chronic hepatitis is a long-lasting inflammation of the liver that persists for more than six months. Chronic hepatitis can result from ongoing viral infections (e.g., hepatitis B and C) or other causes, such as autoimmune diseases.
Choice A rationale:
This statement is incorrect. Acute hepatitis is a short-term condition that resolves within a few weeks to six months, while chronic hepatitis is the condition that can persist for an extended period.
Choice B rationale:
This statement is also incorrect. Acute hepatitis is primarily caused by viruses (e.g., hepatitis viruses), not bacteria. Chronic hepatitis is also related to viral infections, not bacterial infections.
Choice C rationale:
This statement is not accurate. Both acute and chronic hepatitis can have severe consequences, including liver cancer. Chronic hepatitis, especially when caused by hepatitis B or C viruses, can lead to the development of cirrhosis and increase the risk of liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma)
Correct Answer is ["A","B","D"]
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
The administration of the hepatitis B vaccine and hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) to exposed contacts is an appropriate intervention for suspected hepatitis D infection. Hepatitis D is a defective virus that requires the presence of hepatitis B to replicate, so administering the hepatitis B vaccine can prevent hepatitis D infection in exposed contacts. HBIG contains antibodies against hepatitis B, which can provide temporary protection to exposed contacts.
Choice B rationale:
Advising the patient to avoid sexual contact or use condoms until cleared of infection is crucial in preventing the spread of hepatitis D. The virus can be transmitted through blood and sexual contact, so precautionary measures are essential.
Choice C rationale:
The availability and benefits of the hepatitis D vaccine for prevention should be communicated to the patient. Currently, there is no specific treatment for hepatitis D infection, and vaccination is the most effective preventive measure.
Choice D rationale:
Educating the patient about the need for regular monitoring of liver function and viral load is essential in managing hepatitis D. Hepatitis D can lead to severe liver complications, and monitoring liver function and viral load helps in evaluating disease progression and treatment effectiveness.
Choice E rationale:
Disinfecting contaminated surfaces or instruments with bleach or autoclave is not directly related to the care of a patient with suspected hepatitis D infection. Hepatitis D is primarily transmitted through blood and sexual contact, not through contaminated surfaces or instruments.
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