A nurse is educating a group of patients about hepatitis prevention. Which statement by the nurse is accurate?
"Hepatitis A can be transmitted through sexual contact.”
"Hepatitis B can be transmitted through direct contact with infected persons.”
"Hepatitis C can be transmitted through ingestion of contaminated food or water.”
"Hepatitis E can only infect people already infected with hepatitis B.”
The Correct Answer is C
Choice C rationale:
This statement is accurate. Hepatitis C is primarily transmitted through exposure to infected blood, such as sharing needles or receiving contaminated blood transfusions. However, there have been rare cases of HCV transmission through ingestion of contaminated food or water, although this is not the primary mode of transmission. The risk of acquiring HCV through food or water is significantly lower compared to hepatitis A or hepatitis
E.
Choice A rationale:
Hepatitis A (HAV) can indeed be transmitted through sexual contact, as well as the fecal-oral route. HAV is highly contagious and is commonly associated with outbreaks in areas with poor sanitation and hygiene practices.
Choice B rationale:
Hepatitis B (HBV) is transmitted through direct contact with infected body fluids, including blood, semen, and vaginal fluids. It can be transmitted through sexual contact, sharing of needles, and from mother to child during childbirth.
Choice D rationale:
Hepatitis E (HEV) is primarily transmitted through the fecal-oral route, similar to hepatitis
A. Unlike what is stated in this choice, HEV does not require a person to be already infected with hepatitis B to cause infection.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice B rationale:
Encouraging the client to rest and limit physical activity is an essential nursing intervention for a client with acute hepatitis
A. Rest is crucial for liver recovery and reducing the risk of complications. Physical activity can put additional stress on the liver and may worsen symptoms. The client should avoid alcohol and any medications that can potentially harm the liver during this period.
Choice A rationale:
Isolating the client in a negative pressure room is not necessary for acute hepatitis
A. Hepatitis A is primarily transmitted through the fecal-oral route, and standard precautions are sufficient to prevent its spread. Negative pressure rooms are usually reserved for clients with airborne infections, such as tuberculosis.
Choice C rationale:
Administering live attenuated hepatitis A vaccine is not indicated for a client with acute hepatitis
A. The vaccine is used for pre-exposure prophylaxis and is not effective in treating an active infection.
Choice D rationale:
Providing antiviral medications to treat the infection is not a standard intervention for acute hepatitis
A. Antiviral therapy is generally reserved for chronic hepatitis B and C infections and is not effective for acute hepatitis A, which usually resolves on its own with supportive care.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Hepatitis C is indeed caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV), which is a single-stranded RNA virus. The virus is classified under the Flaviviridae family and is known for its high genetic variability, leading to the development of multiple genotypes and subtypes. The RNA genome of HCV is not defective, but rather highly adaptable, making it challenging to develop effective vaccines and treatments. Hepatitis C is primarily transmitted through exposure to infected blood, sharing needles, and, less commonly, through sexual contact and from mother to child during childbirth.
Choice B rationale:
Hepatitis B (HBV) is caused by a partially double-stranded DNA virus, not a non-enveloped single-stranded RNA virus. HBV belongs to the Hepadnaviridae family, and it is transmitted through contact with infected body fluids, such as blood, semen, or vaginal fluids. HBV can cause both acute and chronic liver infections.
Choice C rationale:
Hepatitis A (HAV) is caused by an enveloped single-stranded RNA virus, not hepatitis
C. HAV is transmitted through the fecal-oral route, typically due to contaminated food or water. It is usually a self-limiting disease that does not lead to chronic liver problems.
Choice D rationale:
Hepatitis E (HEV) is caused by a single-stranded RNA virus, but it is not partially double-stranded DNA, as stated in this choice. HEV is typically transmitted through the fecal-oral route, similar to HAV, and it can cause acute hepatitis, particularly in pregnant women, but it does not require a prior hepatitis B infection for transmission.
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