A client asks the nurse about the impact of alcohol consumption during pregnancy on the risk of congenital heart diseases. What should the nurse explain?

A) This option is incorrect. Clubbing of the fingers and toes is not a normal developmental finding in infants and young children. It can indicate an underlying health issue.

B) This option is incorrect. While chronic respiratory issues may cause clubbing, it is specifically related to congenital heart diseases and chronic low oxygen levels.

C) Correct answer. Clubbing of the fingers and toes can indicate chronic low oxygen levels and impaired cardiac function in children with congenital heart diseases. It is a result of changes in the blood vessels and tissues due to inadequate oxygenation.

D) This option is incorrect. Clubbing of the fingers and toes is not commonly observed during adolescence, and it is not temporary. It can persist if the underlying heart condition is not adequately managed.

A) The answer is A. Prophylactic antibiotics are often given before surgical procedures to prevent infection, especially in clients with congenital heart diseases who may be at a higher risk of endocarditis.

B) Incorrect. While it's essential for the client to take precautions after surgery to reduce the risk of infection, avoiding contact with others for two weeks is not necessary or practical. Instead, following proper wound care and taking prescribed medications as instructed are more relevant measures.

C) Incorrect. Discharging the client early from the hospital does not necessarily reduce the risk of infection. Postoperative care and wound management are crucial to prevent infection, regardless of the length of the hospital stay.

D) Incorrect. All surgical procedures carry some risk of infection. While healthcare providers take measures to minimize this risk, it is not accurate to claim there is no risk at all.