The nurse is assessing the pupils of a client who has had a head injury. What does the nurse recognize as a parasympathetic effect?

Roth's spots.

One pupil is dilated and the opposite pupil is normal.

Dilated pupils.

Constricted pupils.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A rationale

Roth's spots are retinal hemorrhages with pale centers, indicative of certain systemic conditions, but do not relate to pupil response or parasympathetic effects.

Choice B rationale

One pupil being dilated while the other is normal could indicate a variety of issues, but not specifically a parasympathetic effect. This condition is known as anisocoria.

Choice C rationale

Dilated pupils, or mydriasis, are usually the result of sympathetic stimulation, not a parasympathetic effect, which involves constriction of the pupils.

Choice D rationale

Constricted pupils, or miosis, are a parasympathetic effect typically resulting from increased activity of the parasympathetic nervous system, which reduces pupil size.

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Correct Answer is ["A","B","C"]

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Bradycardia (slow heart rate) is one of the key components of Cushing's triad, which indicates increased intracranial pressure and impending herniation.

Choice B rationale

Bradypnea (slow respiratory rate) is another manifestation of Cushing's triad and reflects brainstem compression.

Choice C rationale

Hypertension (high blood pressure) is the third component of Cushing's triad, resulting from the body's attempt to maintain cerebral perfusion.

Choice D rationale

Tachycardia (rapid heart rate) is not a sign of Cushing's triad and is not associated with increased intracranial pressure.

A. MRI. B. Lumbar puncture. C. Cerebral angiography. D. EEG.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A rationale

MRI is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to create detailed images of the body's structures. The preparation for an MRI typically involves removing metal objects and sometimes fasting, but it is not similar to a myelogram.

Choice B rationale

A lumbar puncture, like a myelogram, involves inserting a needle into the spinal canal to collect cerebrospinal fluid or inject contrast dye. The preparation for both procedures includes obtaining consent, positioning the patient, and ensuring proper hydration. This similarity is why the nurse should explain that the preparation is akin to a lumbar puncture.

Choice C rationale

Cerebral angiography is an invasive procedure used to visualize blood vessels in the brain, requiring catheter insertion and contrast dye. The preparation is more complex, involving fasting and possible sedation, differing from the simpler preparation for a myelogram.

Choice D rationale

An EEG (electroencephalogram) measures electrical activity in the brain using electrodes placed on the scalp. The preparation is generally non-invasive and less intensive than that for a myelogram, typically involving clean hair and avoiding caffeine.

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The nurse is assessing the pupils of a client who has had a head injury. What does the nurse recognize as a parasympathetic effect?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Which signs are manifestations of the Cushing triad? Select all that apply.

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C"]

Explanation

A client is scheduled for a myelogram, and the nurse explains to the client that this is an invasive procedure, which assesses for any lesions in the spinal cord. The nurse should explain that the preparation is similar to which of the following neurologic tests?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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