The nurse is assessing the pupils of a client who has had a head injury. What does the nurse recognize as a parasympathetic effect?
Roth's spots.
One pupil is dilated and the opposite pupil is normal.
Dilated pupils.
Constricted pupils.
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A rationale
Roth's spots are retinal hemorrhages with pale centers, indicative of certain systemic conditions, but do not relate to pupil response or parasympathetic effects.
Choice B rationale
One pupil being dilated while the other is normal could indicate a variety of issues, but not specifically a parasympathetic effect. This condition is known as anisocoria.
Choice C rationale
Dilated pupils, or mydriasis, are usually the result of sympathetic stimulation, not a parasympathetic effect, which involves constriction of the pupils.
Choice D rationale
Constricted pupils, or miosis, are a parasympathetic effect typically resulting from increased activity of the parasympathetic nervous system, which reduces pupil size.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Scoliosis is identified by a lateral curve of the spine, resulting in uneven shoulders and prominent scapula when bending forward. These physical findings are characteristic of scoliosis, aiding its diagnosis.
Choice B rationale
Muscular dystrophy causes symmetrical muscle weakening, not the asymmetry of scoliosis. It does not present with the specific spinal curvature described.
Choice C rationale
Kyphosis involves a rounded upper back, not a lateral spinal curve. It leads to a hunched posture rather than the shoulder and scapula asymmetry seen in scoliosis.
Choice D rationale
Lordosis is characterized by an exaggerated inward curve of the lower back, not affecting shoulder and scapula symmetry as in scoliosis. It primarily involves the lumbar spine, not causing the described physical findings.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) does not produce cerebral neurotransmitters. Neurotransmitters are produced by neurons in the brain and nervous system.
Choice B rationale
CSF acts as a barrier, but its primary role is not to protect against bacteria. It provides mechanical protection and removes waste, though some antibacterial properties exist.
Choice C rationale
CSF does not act as an insulator for temperature. It primarily serves as a cushioning agent and helps maintain homeostasis, but not temperature insulation.
Choice D rationale
CSF cushions the brain and spinal cord by providing a fluid buffer that absorbs shock. It protects these structures from trauma by creating a supportive and stable environment within the cranial and spinal cavities.
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