A client is diagnosed with chronic cholecystitis and asks the nurse about the potential complications of this condition. Which of the following responses should the nurse provide?

Choice A reason:

This statement is correct and is an appropriate preoperative intervention. Encouraging deep breathing and coughing exercises helps prevent postoperative respiratory complications such as atelectasis and pneumonia.

Choice B reason:

This statement is incorrect and is not an appropriate preoperative intervention. Placing the client in a supine position with legs elevated can increase intraabdominal pressure and worsen cholecystitis symptoms.

Choice C reason:

This statement is incorrect and is not an appropriate preoperative intervention. The client should be on a restricted diet, avoiding fatty and heavy foods, to prevent exacerbation of cholecystitis symptoms and reduce the risk of complications during surgery.

Choice D reason:

This statement is incorrect and is not an appropriate preoperative intervention. Anticoagulants are not typically administered preoperatively for cholecystectomy. Their use may increase bleeding risk during surgery and is generally avoided unless medically indicated.

Choice A reason:

Diabetes does not increase bile production. However, it can lead to changes in bile composition, increasing the risk of gallstone formation.

Choice B reason:

This statement is incorrect. Diabetes is associated with increased cholesterol levels in the bile, which can contribute to gallstone formation.

Choice C reason:

This statement is correct. Diabetes can impair the function of the sphincter of Oddi, a muscular valve that controls the flow of bile into the duodenum. Dysfunction of the sphincter can lead to bile stasis and increase the risk of gallstone formation.

Choice D reason:

Diabetes does not increase the motility of the gallbladder. Instead, it may lead to reduced gallbladder motility, which can contribute to gallstone formation due to stasis of bile.