A client is showing early signs of dementia. The client's spouse asks, "What may I expect next?" What is the nurse's best response?

"He may begin to try to cover recognition of his memory loss by creating events."

"He may have difficulty in a motor skill such as walking."

"The inability to communicate with speech comes immediately after the early signs."

"He may not recognize you and other people who have been in his life."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. "He may begin to try to cover recognition of his memory loss by creating events." As
dementia progresses, individuals may experience confabulation, which involves creating false memories to compensate for memory loss. This is a common symptom seen in the middle stages of dementia.

B. "He may have difficulty in a motor skill such as walking." While motor skills may be affected in the later stages of dementia, it is not typically one of the early signs.

C. "The inability to communicate with speech comes immediately after the early signs." This statement is not accurate. Communication difficulties may occur in later stages, but it is not an immediate progression from early signs.

D. "He may not recognize you and other people who have been in his life." This symptom, known as agnosia, may occur in later stages of dementia, but it is not one of the early signs.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Wernicke encephalopathy is caused by thiamine (Vitamin B1) deficiency, but it is not characterized by thiamine deficiency itself.
B. Wernicke encephalopathy is characterized by lesions in the hypothalamus and mammillary bodies in the brain.
C. While cognitive impairment may be present, this is not the primary characteristic of Wernicke encephalopathy.
D. Double vision and rapid eye movement are symptoms of Wernicke encephalopathy, but they are not the irreversible complication itself.

A. Flat affect and hygiene needs B. Social isolation and anhedonia C. Hallucinations and delusions D. Withdrawal and avolition

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Flat affect (lack of emotional expression) and hygiene needs are negative symptoms, not positive symptoms.
B. Social isolation and anhedonia (inability to experience pleasure) are also negative symptoms, not positive symptoms.
C. Positive symptoms involve the presence of abnormal experiences or behaviors that are not present in healthy individuals. Hallucinations (perceiving things that aren't there) and delusions (strongly held false beliefs) are examples of positive symptoms.
D. Withdrawal (lack of interest or participation in social activities) and avolition (lack of motivation) are negative symptoms, not positive symptoms.

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A client is showing early signs of dementia. The client's spouse asks, "What may I expect next?" What is the nurse's best response?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A client with chronic alcoholism has been found to have Wernicke encephalopathy. What is this irreversible complication characterized by?

Correct Answer is B

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The nurse states in report that the client is experiencing positive symptoms of schizophrenia. What symptoms would the nurse receiving report expect to observe?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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