A client newly diagnosed with Osteosarcoma asks the nurse about the purpose of chemotherapy.
Which nursing response is appropriate to provide education on the rationale behind chemotherapy?
"Chemotherapy helps reduce emotional distress.”
"Chemotherapy helps prevent metastasis.”
"Chemotherapy targets osteosarcoma cells directly.”
"Chemotherapy is used to manage pain.”
The Correct Answer is B
Chemotherapy is often used in the treatment of Osteosarcoma to help prevent the spread of cancer cells, which is known as metastasis.
Osteosarcoma has a tendency to metastasize to the lungs and other bones, and chemotherapy is administered to target and kill any remaining cancer cells that may have spread beyond the primary tumor site.
Therefore, the nurse's response that chemotherapy helps prevent metastasis is appropriate and educates the patient about one of its key purposes.
Choice A rationale:
"Chemotherapy helps reduce emotional distress" is an inaccurate statement.
While chemotherapy can be emotionally distressing due to its side effects, its primary purpose is to treat cancer by targeting and destroying cancer cells.
Managing emotional distress may be a part of supportive care but is not the main rationale behind chemotherapy.
Choice C rationale:
"Chemotherapy targets osteosarcoma cells directly" is not entirely accurate.
While chemotherapy does target cancer cells, it does not specifically target only Osteosarcoma cells.
It affects rapidly dividing cells, which includes both cancerous and some healthy cells, leading to various side effects.
The primary purpose of chemotherapy in Osteosarcoma is to prevent metastasis and shrink or eliminate the tumor.
Choice D rationale:
"Chemotherapy is used to manage pain" is not the main purpose of chemotherapy in Osteosarcoma.
Pain management is typically achieved through analgesics and other pain-relieving measures.
Chemotherapy may indirectly help with pain by shrinking the tumor and reducing pressure on surrounding tissues, but pain management is not its primary rationale.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Osteosarcoma arises from mature bone-forming cells called osteocytes.
Rationale: This statement is not accurate.
Osteosarcoma does not originate from osteocytes.
Instead, it arises from osteoblasts, which are immature bone-forming cells.
Genetic mutations can lead to uncontrolled proliferation of osteoblasts, contributing to the development of Osteosarcoma.
Choice B rationale:
Genetic mutations leading to uncontrolled proliferation of osteoblasts contribute to Osteosarcoma.
Rationale: This statement is accurate.
Osteosarcoma is characterized by genetic mutations that cause osteoblasts to multiply uncontrollably, resulting in the formation of malignant bone tumors.
This is a key aspect of the disease's pathophysiology.
Choice C rationale:
Osteosarcoma typically starts in the epiphyseal region of long bones.
Rationale: This statement is not accurate.
Osteosarcoma usually begins in the metaphyseal region of long bones, not the epiphyseal region.
The metaphysis is the area of the bone where growth occurs, making it more susceptible to malignant changes.
Choice D rationale:
The tumor primarily extends into the muscle tissues surrounding the bone.
Rationale: This statement is not accurate.
Osteosarcoma primarily affects the bone itself, with the tumor originating within the bone tissue.
While it can extend into nearby soft tissues, such as muscles, it does not primarily start in muscle tissues.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
"Administering neoadjuvant chemotherapy." Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is administered before surgery in Osteosarcoma cases to shrink the tumor and increase the likelihood of preserving limb function.
The primary goal is not the administration of chemotherapy but rather limb preservation.
Choice C rationale:
"Performing amputation as the primary treatment." Amputation is considered in cases where limb preservation is not feasible, but it is not the primary goal of surgical treatment in Osteosarcoma.
The primary goal is to preserve limb function whenever possible.
Choice D rationale:
"Targeting residual tumor cells with radiation therapy." While radiation therapy may be used postoperatively to target residual tumor cells, it is not the primary goal of surgical treatment.
The primary goal of surgery in Osteosarcoma is to remove the tumor and preserve limb function.
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