A client who has been diagnosed with bladder cancer is scheduled for an ileal conduit. Which statement by the nurse to the client accurately describes the ileal conduit?

This is always a temporary procedure that can always be reversed later

Urine is diverted into the sigmoid colon, where it is expelled through the rectum

Urine is diverted from the ureters to a stoma opening on the abdomen

The diversion creates an opening in the bladder for urine to be eliminated

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A reason: An ileal conduit is typically a permanent procedure for bladder cancer after cystectomy, as the bladder is removed. Reversibility is rare and depends on specific circumstances, not guaranteed. This statement is inaccurate, as it falsely suggests that ileal conduits are always temporary and reversible.

Choice B reason: Diverting urine to the sigmoid colon describes a ureterosigmoidostomy, not an ileal conduit. In an ileal conduit, urine is diverted through an ileal segment to an abdominal stoma, not the rectum. This statement is inaccurate, as it describes a different urinary diversion procedure.

Choice C reason: An ileal conduit involves diverting urine from the ureters through a segment of ileum to a stoma on the abdomen, where urine is collected in an external pouch. This is the standard procedure for bladder cancer post-cystectomy, making this statement accurate and descriptive of the ileal conduit.

Choice D reason: An ileal conduit does not create an opening in the bladder; the bladder is often removed in bladder cancer. Urine is diverted from the ureters to a stoma, bypassing the bladder. This statement is inaccurate, as it misrepresents the anatomical changes in an ileal conduit.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: Elevated rheumatoid factor (RF), an autoantibody, is present in 70-80% of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. It contributes to immune complex formation, driving synovial inflammation and joint damage. This lab result is a key diagnostic marker, making it consistent with RA and critical for confirming the diagnosis.

Choice B reason: Decreased C-reactive protein (CRP) is inconsistent with RA, which typically shows elevated CRP due to systemic inflammation. CRP reflects acute-phase response in active RA, and low levels suggest inactive disease or another condition, making this result inaccurate for supporting an RA diagnosis.

Choice C reason: Normal erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is not typical in active RA, where ESR is elevated due to inflammation-driven increases in plasma proteins. Normal ESR may occur in remission but does not support an active RA diagnosis, making this result inconsistent with the condition.

Choice D reason: Low antinuclear antibody (ANA) levels are not specific to RA and are more associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. While some RA patients may have low ANA, it is not a diagnostic marker for RA, making this result irrelevant and inconsistent with confirming rheumatoid arthritis.

A. Type 2 diabetes mellitus B. Hypothyroidism C. Osteoporosis D. Migraine headaches

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: Obesity significantly increases the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus by promoting insulin resistance. Excess adipose tissue, particularly visceral fat, releases free fatty acids and cytokines, impairing glucose uptake in cells. This leads to hyperglycemia and beta-cell dysfunction, with obese individuals having a 5-10 times higher risk of developing this condition.

Choice B reason: Hypothyroidism is less directly linked to obesity than type 2 diabetes. While it can cause weight gain due to slowed metabolism, obesity is not a primary risk factor for hypothyroidism. Thyroid dysfunction arises more from autoimmune or iodine-related causes, making it a less likely complication compared to diabetes.

Choice C reason: Osteoporosis risk is not strongly associated with obesity. Excess body weight may increase bone density due to mechanical loading, but it does not directly cause bone loss. Obesity-related inflammation may have minor effects, but type 2 diabetes poses a far greater risk due to metabolic changes.

Choice D reason: Migraine headaches are not a primary complication of obesity. While obesity may exacerbate migraines through inflammatory pathways or comorbidities like sleep apnea, the association is weaker than with type 2 diabetes. Metabolic and insulin-related effects of obesity make diabetes the most significant and direct risk.

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A client who has been diagnosed with bladder cancer is scheduled for an ileal conduit. Which statement by the nurse to the client accurately describes the ileal conduit?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Which lab result would be consistent with a diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse is assessing a client for potential complications related to obesity. Which condition is the client most at risk for due to obesity?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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