A client who has suffered a stroke is unable to maintain respiration and is intubated and placed on mechanical ventilator support.

What portion of the brain is most likely responsible for the inability to breathe?

Brain stem.

Parietal lobe.

Occipital lobe.

Frontal lobe.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A rationale

The brain stem controls vital functions, including respiration. Damage to the brain stem, especially the medulla oblongata, can impair respiratory control, leading to the need for mechanical ventilation.

Choice B rationale

The parietal lobe is responsible for sensory processing and does not directly influence respiratory functions. Damage here would more likely affect sensation and spatial awareness.

Choice C rationale

The occipital lobe is primarily responsible for visual processing. Injury to this area would result in visual deficits rather than impaired respiration.

Choice D rationale

The frontal lobe is involved in cognitive functions, voluntary movement, and speech production, but it does not control respiration. Damage here would affect higher cognitive functions and motor planning.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Vitiligo is a condition characterized by depigmentation of the skin, leading to white patches. It does not typically affect the fingernails, so pitting on the surface of the nails is not indicative of vitiligo.

Choice B rationale

Psoriasis is a chronic skin condition that often affects the nails, leading to pitting or the appearance of small depressions on the nail surface. Nail psoriasis can also cause discoloration, thickening, and separation of the nail from the nail bed.

Choice C rationale

Melanoma is a type of skin cancer that can affect the nails, causing dark streaks or pigmentation changes. However, pitting on the surface of the nails is not a characteristic feature of melanoma.

Choice D rationale

Diabetes can lead to various nail changes, including thickening and yellowing of the nails, but it does not typically cause pitting on the nail surface. Pitting is more specific to psoriasis.

A. Cushing triad. B. Decreased level of consciousness (LOC). C. Headache. D. Coma.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Cushing triad is a late sign of increased ICP, characterized by bradycardia, hypertension, and irregular respirations, appearing after other symptoms like decreased LOC.

Choice B rationale

Decreased LOC is one of the earliest signs of increased ICP as it reflects the brain's response to pressure changes, alerting the need for immediate intervention.

Choice C rationale

Headache can be an early sign but is not as sensitive or specific as changes in LOC when assessing for increased ICP.

Choice D rationale

Coma is a late sign of significantly increased ICP, indicating severe brain dysfunction, often following initial symptoms like decreased LOC.

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A client who has suffered a stroke is unable to maintain respiration and is intubated and placed on mechanical ventilator support. What portion of the brain is most likely responsible for the inability to breathe?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is assessing the fingernails of a client at the clinic. The nurse observes pitting on the surface of the nail. What disorder is this finding indicative of?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A client with increased intracranial pressure has a cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) of 40 mm Hg. This CPP reading is considered:

A client with increased intracranial pressure has a cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) of 40 mm Hg. This CPP reading is considered:

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A client who has suffered a stroke is unable to maintain respiration and is intubated and placed on mechanical ventilator support.

What portion of the brain is most likely responsible for the inability to breathe?