Which lobe of the brain is responsible for spatial relationships?

Choice A rationale

A 5% deficit in body weight compared to pre-illness weight and increased caloric need may indicate the need for nutritional intervention, but it is not specific to parenteral nutrition. Acute pancreatitis patients often have difficulty maintaining nutritional intake due to pain and digestive issues, but a 5% weight deficit alone isn't a definitive trigger for PN.

Choice B rationale

A significant risk of aspiration and decreased level of consciousness indicates the need for close monitoring and possibly intubation to protect the airway. However, this alone doesn't necessitate parenteral nutrition unless it is combined with the inability to consume adequate nutrition orally or enterally.

Choice C rationale

A calorie deficit, muscle wasting, and low electrolyte levels are serious concerns that warrant nutritional support, but the specific indicator for parenteral nutrition is the inability to meet nutritional needs through oral or enteral routes. PN is a method to provide nutrition when GI tract use is not possible or adequate.

Choice D rationale

Inability to take adequate oral food or fluids within 7 days is a clear indication for parenteral nutrition. For patients with acute pancreatitis who cannot tolerate oral or enteral feeding, PN ensures they receive the necessary nutrients to support recovery and prevent further complications.

Choice A rationale

Necrosis is tissue death resulting from prolonged pressure, often a consequence rather than the direct cause of pressure ulcers. The primary cause is sustained pressure impairing blood flow.

Choice B rationale

Low capillary pressure does not directly cause pressure ulcers. They result from sustained external pressure exceeding capillary perfusion pressure, leading to ischemia and tissue damage.

Choice C rationale

Increased mobility actually prevents pressure ulcers by reducing sustained pressure on any one area, enhancing blood flow and tissue health. Immobility is a significant risk factor, not increased mobility.

Choice D rationale

Extrinsic factors like sustained pressure, friction, shear, and moisture contribute directly to pressure ulcer development by compromising skin integrity and blood flow, leading to tissue ischemia and damage.