Which term describes the fibrous connective tissues that cover the brain and spinal cord?

Choice A rationale

Roth's spots are retinal hemorrhages with pale centers, indicative of certain systemic conditions, but do not relate to pupil response or parasympathetic effects.

Choice B rationale

One pupil being dilated while the other is normal could indicate a variety of issues, but not specifically a parasympathetic effect. This condition is known as anisocoria.

Choice C rationale

Dilated pupils, or mydriasis, are usually the result of sympathetic stimulation, not a parasympathetic effect, which involves constriction of the pupils.

Choice D rationale

Constricted pupils, or miosis, are a parasympathetic effect typically resulting from increased activity of the parasympathetic nervous system, which reduces pupil size.

Choice A rationale

Fasting for at least 8 hours is usually required for certain diagnostic tests that involve anesthesia or contrast media, but it is not necessary for a bone scan. A bone scan typically involves the injection of a radioactive tracer and does not require fasting.

Choice B rationale

Completion of a bowel cleansing regimen is necessary for certain gastrointestinal procedures such as colonoscopy, but it is not relevant for a bone scan. A bone scan focuses on detecting bone abnormalities and does not involve the digestive system.

Choice C rationale

Emptying the bladder is important before a bone scan to ensure clear imaging of the pelvic bones. A full bladder can obscure the view and interfere with the accuracy of the scan. Ensuring the bladder is empty helps in obtaining better diagnostic images.

Choice D rationale

No allergy to penicillins is crucial information for procedures involving antibiotics, especially for patients with a history of allergic reactions. However, it is not pertinent to a bone scan, which uses a radioactive tracer rather than antibiotics.