A client with a 16-year history of diabetes mellitus is having renal function tests because of recent fatigue, weakness, elevated blood urea nitrogen, and serum creatinine levels. Which finding should the nurse conclude as an early symptom of renal insufficiency?
Stomatitis and Diarrhea
Dyspnea and Anuria
Confusion and Vomiting
Nocturia and Oliguria
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A rationale: These are symptoms of advance renal failure. Stomatitis and diarrhea are signs of uremia, which is the accumulation of waste products in the blood.
Choice B rationale: Dyspnea and anuria are signs of fluid overload and kidney shutdown and indicate advanced renal failure.
Choice C rationale: Confusion and vomiting are signs of acidosis and electrolyte disturbances and occur in advanced stages of renal failure.
Choice D rationale: One of the early symptoms of renal insufficiency is nocturia, which is the need to urinate frequently at night. This occurs because the kidneys are unable to concentrate urine during the day and produce more urine at night. Another early symptom is oliguria, which is the production of less than 400 mL of urine per day. This occurs because the kidneys are unable to excrete enough urine to maintain fluid balance.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale: Dysphagia, substernal burning, and belching are symptoms often associated with hiatal hernia.
Choice B rationale: While substernal burning can be a symptom of stomach-related issues, hiatal hernia is more directly linked to the symptoms described.
Choice C rationale: Schatzki ring might present with dysphagia, but it's less likely given the overall symptoms described.
Choice D rationale: Symptoms of dysphagia and substernal burning can be indicative of a hiatal hernia, especially when considered together.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale: This statement is correct; it's important to include the final voided urine in the collection.
Choice B rationale: Proper storage at a cool temperature helps maintain the integrity of the collected urine.
Choice C rationale: Avoiding protein intake during the collection can significantly alter the results of the creatinine clearance test. Eating a regular diet is important to maintain accurate test results.
Choice D rationale: Discarding the first void and starting the collection afterward is a common practice in 24-hour urine collections to ensure a complete sample.
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