The nurse is teaching a client with Parkinson's disease about dietary considerations. The nurse understands that this client is at highest risk for:

loose stools and choking.

drooling and a loss of appetite.

constipation and drooling.

dysphagia and aspiration.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A rationale: While gastrointestinal issues like loose stools can occur in Parkinson's disease due to impaired bowel movements, they are not the highest risk related to dietary considerations. Choking might occur due to dysphagia, but it's not specifically the highest risk.

Choice B rationale: Drooling, due to weakened or uncoordinated swallowing muscles, is common in Parkinson's disease but might not pose the highest risk. A loss of appetite can occur but might not be the highest dietary risk for the client.

Choice C rationale: Constipation is a common gastrointestinal issue in Parkinson's disease, but though problematic, it's not the highest risk concerning dietary considerations. Drooling can also be present but might not be the primary dietary concern.

Choice D rationale: Parkinson's disease often leads to dysphagia (difficulty swallowing) and aspiration (inhalation of food or liquids into the lungs). These present significant risks related to dietary considerations, as they can lead to serious complications such as pneumonia due to aspiration.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A rationale: This refers to postrenal AKI, which is caused by an obstruction in the urinary tract that prevents urine from leaving the body.

Choice B rationale: This refers to AKI in general and is not specific compared to choice D.

Choice C rationale: This refers to intrinsic AKI, which is caused by damage to the kidney tissue or cells from various causes, such as inflammation, infection, toxins, or ischemia.

Choice D rationale: This is correct because it is pre-renal AKI, a condition in which kidney blood flow may become significantly reduced, including cases where a significant amount of fluid has been lost. This situation suggests potential hypovolemia (low blood volume) due to the massive GI bleed, which can lead to reduced kidney blood flow and subsequent acute kidney injury.

A. Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH) B. Cushing's syndrome/disease C. Adrenal insufficiency D. Diabetes Insipidus (DI)

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale: These lab findings, particularly concentrated urine (high specific gravity) and hyponatremia, are consistent with SIADH, where excessive ADH secretion leads to water retention and dilutional hyponatremia.

Choice B rationale: While it can affect sodium levels, Cushing's syndrome typically results in hypernatremia or normal sodium levels rather than hyponatremia.

Choice C rationale: Usually presents with hyponatremia but not specifically with high urine specific gravity or hematocrit.

Choice D rationale: DI is associated with high serum sodium and low urine specific gravity due to excessive excretion of dilute urine.

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The nurse is teaching a client with Parkinson's disease about dietary considerations. The nurse understands that this client is at highest risk for:

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Explanation

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