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A client with HIV infection asks the nurse about the different classes of antiretroviral drugs used for treatment. Which of the following statements by the client indicates a need for further education?

"Integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) block the enzyme integrase that inserts HIV DNA into the host cell genome.”

"Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) block the entry of HIV into the host cell by interfering with the binding of the virus to the cell surface receptors or co-receptors.”

"Protease inhibitors (PIs) block the enzyme protease that cleaves HIV proteins into functional units.”

"Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) block the enzyme reverse transcriptase that converts HIV RNA into DNA.”

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A rationale:

The client's statement about Integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) is accurate. INSTIs block the enzyme integrase, preventing the insertion of HIV DNA into the host cell genome.

Choice B rationale:

This is the correct answer. The client's statement about Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) is incorrect. NNRTIs work by directly binding to reverse transcriptase, blocking its activity, and preventing HIV replication.

Choice C rationale:

The client's statement about Protease inhibitors (PIs) is accurate. PIs block the enzyme protease, inhibiting the cleavage of HIV proteins and preventing the formation of mature viral particles.

Choice D rationale:

The client's statement about Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) is accurate. NRTIs are incorporated into the growing viral DNA chain, leading to chain termination and preventing further viral replication.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A rationale:

HIV is not a bacterial infection but a viral infection caused by the human immunodeficiency virus. It cannot be treated with antibiotics, as antibiotics are only effective against bacterial infections.

Choice B rationale:

This statement is correct. HIV attacks and destroys the CD4+ T cells, which are crucial for maintaining the immune system. As the virus replicates and damages these cells, the body becomes more susceptible to infections and other illnesses.

Choice C rationale:

This statement is incorrect. HIV can be transmitted through various means, including unprotected sexual intercourse, sharing needles, mother-to-child during childbirth or breastfeeding, and blood transfusions with infected blood.

Choice D rationale:

This statement is incorrect. There is no cure for HIV, and relying solely on herbal remedies without taking antiretroviral medications would be ineffective and dangerous. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is the standard treatment for managing HIV and preventing its progression to AIDS.

A. "Male circumcision can increase the risk of HIV acquisition.” B. "Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is used before HIV exposure.” C. "Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is used to increase viral replication.” D. "Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is used after HIV exposure.”

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice D rationale:

"Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is used after HIV exposure." This statement is correct. PrEP is a biomedical intervention used before potential exposure to HIV to prevent infection. It involves taking antiretroviral medications regularly to reduce the risk of acquiring the virus.

Choice A rationale:

"Male circumcision can increase the risk of HIV acquisition." This statement is incorrect. Male circumcision has been shown to reduce the risk of HIV transmission in heterosexual men in some studies. However, it does not increase the risk of HIV acquisition.

Choice B rationale:

"Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is used before HIV exposure." This statement is incorrect. PEP is a short-term treatment initiated after potential exposure to HIV to prevent infection. It involves taking antiretroviral medications for 28 days following a possible exposure.

Choice C rationale:

"Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is used to increase viral replication." This statement is incorrect. ART is used to suppress viral replication in individuals with HIV/AIDS, reducing the viral load and improving immune function. It is the cornerstone of HIV treatment, not a measure to increase viral replication.

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A client with HIV infection asks the nurse about the different classes of antiretroviral drugs used for treatment. Which of the following statements by the client indicates a need for further education?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is counseling a newly diagnosed HIV-positive client. Which statement made by the client indicates an understanding of the disease?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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