A client with HIV infection asks the nurse about the different classes of antiretroviral drugs used for treatment. Which of the following statements by the client indicates a need for further education?
"Integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) block the enzyme integrase that inserts HIV DNA into the host cell genome.”
"Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) block the entry of HIV into the host cell by interfering with the binding of the virus to the cell surface receptors or co-receptors.”
"Protease inhibitors (PIs) block the enzyme protease that cleaves HIV proteins into functional units.”
"Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) block the enzyme reverse transcriptase that converts HIV RNA into DNA.”
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A rationale:
The client's statement about Integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) is accurate. INSTIs block the enzyme integrase, preventing the insertion of HIV DNA into the host cell genome.
Choice B rationale:
This is the correct answer. The client's statement about Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) is incorrect. NNRTIs work by directly binding to reverse transcriptase, blocking its activity, and preventing HIV replication.
Choice C rationale:
The client's statement about Protease inhibitors (PIs) is accurate. PIs block the enzyme protease, inhibiting the cleavage of HIV proteins and preventing the formation of mature viral particles.
Choice D rationale:
The client's statement about Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) is accurate. NRTIs are incorporated into the growing viral DNA chain, leading to chain termination and preventing further viral replication.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
HIV testing is recommended for everyone, regardless of risk factors. It is essential to identify HIV infections early, as early diagnosis and treatment can improve outcomes and prevent further transmission.
Choice B rationale:
This statement is incorrect and unethical. Informed consent and counseling are crucial before HIV testing to ensure individuals are aware of the implications of the test and the disease.
Choice C rationale:
This statement is accurate. Antibody tests are the most common and reliable tests used for the diagnosis of HIV infection. These tests detect the presence of antibodies produced by the body in response to the HIV virus.
Choice D rationale:
Nucleic acid tests (NAT) are not used to detect antibodies against HIV. Instead, NAT is used for early detection of the virus itself, not antibodies, and is typically employed in specific situations like testing donated blood or for early diagnosis during the window period before antibodies develop.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale: Male circumcision reduces HIV acquisition risk by ~60% in heterosexual men due to removal of foreskin mucosa, which is highly susceptible to viral entry.
Choice B rationale: PEP is initiated after potential HIV exposure, ideally within 72 hours, to block viral replication and prevent seroconversion.
Choice C rationale: ART suppresses viral replication, reducing viral load and transmission risk; it does not increase replication.
Choice D rationale: PrEP is taken before exposure by HIV-negative individuals to prevent infection; it is not a post-exposure intervention
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