A client with plaque psoriasis receives a new prescription for betamethasone valerate lotion. Which instruction should the nurse include in client teaching?

Apply the lotion to plaques on the face.

Rub the lotion into the area twice daily for 5 weeks.

Use gloves to rub the lotion into the area.

Massage the lotion into the psoriasis plaques.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A) Apply the lotion to plaques on the face: Betamethasone valerate lotion is a potent corticosteroid that is generally not recommended for use on the face due to the risk of adverse effects, such as skin thinning and irritation. Therefore, applying the lotion to plaques on the face is not advisable.
B) Rub the lotion into the area twice daily for 5 weeks: While it is essential to follow the prescribed frequency and duration of medication use, specific instructions for betamethasone valerate lotion may vary depending on the severity of the condition and the healthcare provider's recommendations. This instruction lacks specificity and may not be accurate for all clients.
C) Use gloves to rub the lotion into the area: While wearing gloves may be necessary when applying certain topical medications to prevent contact dermatitis or to protect the hands, it is not typically required when using betamethasone valerate lotion. This instruction may be unnecessary and could lead to unnecessary waste of gloves.
D) Massage the lotion into the psoriasis plaques: This instruction is appropriate because it ensures proper absorption of the medication into the affected skin. Massaging the lotion gently into the psoriasis plaques helps enhance its penetration and effectiveness in treating the condition.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Answer: D. Antiretroviral medication prevents the transmission of the virus.

Rationale:

A. The viral load can be decreased to an undetectable level:
This statement reflects an accurate understanding of antiretroviral therapy. Effective treatment can reduce the viral load to undetectable levels, which is a key goal of HIV treatment, allowing individuals to live healthier lives and reducing the risk of transmitting the virus to others.

B. HIV infection is not cured by the antiretroviral regimen:
This statement is also accurate. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) effectively manages HIV infection but does not cure it. Patients need to remain on medication for life to control the virus and maintain their health.

C. The medications can decrease acquired AIDS-related complications:
This statement is correct as well. Antiretroviral medications can help manage HIV and prevent the progression to AIDS, thereby reducing the likelihood of complications associated with AIDS, such as opportunistic infections.

D. Antiretroviral medication prevents the transmission of the virus:
This statement requires additional instruction because, while effective antiretroviral therapy can significantly reduce the risk of transmission, it does not entirely prevent it. Patients with an undetectable viral load have a greatly reduced risk of transmitting HIV to sexual partners (often summarized as "U=U" or "Undetectable = Untransmittable"), but it is crucial to understand that there is still a small risk involved. Therefore, additional education is necessary to clarify the need for continued safe practices, such as using condoms, even when on effective therapy.

A. Irrigation and topical antibiotic application to wound area. B. Monitor for signs of sodium and fluid retention. C. Wound and blood specimens for culture and sensitivity. D. Complete blood count and serum electrolytes.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A) Irrigation and topical antibiotic application to wound area: While wound care is important in managing infections, obtaining cultures before initiating antibiotic therapy takes precedence to ensure appropriate treatment. Topical antibiotics may not adequately address systemic infections caused by gram-negative bacteria.
B) Monitor for signs of sodium and fluid retention: This intervention is important when administering certain antibiotics, such as those in the aminoglycoside class, but it is not the most immediate priority. Monitoring for signs of sodium and fluid retention is typically indicated after antibiotic therapy has commenced and involves assessing the client's clinical status and laboratory values for signs of electrolyte imbalance or fluid overload.
C) Wound and blood specimens for culture and sensitivity: This action is essential before initiating antibiotic therapy because it allows for the identification of the specific organism causing the infection and its susceptibility to antibiotics. This information guides the selection of the most appropriate antibiotic for targeted therapy, improving treatment efficacy and reducing the risk of antibiotic resistance.
D) Complete blood count and serum electrolytes: While monitoring laboratory values is important in the overall management of the client, obtaining cultures for culture and sensitivity testing is the priority before initiating antibiotic therapy. This step helps ensure that the chosen antibiotic is effective against the specific pathogen causing the infection.

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A client with plaque psoriasis receives a new prescription for betamethasone valerate lotion. Which instruction should the nurse include in client teaching?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is teaching a client who has been diagnosed with HIV about the antiretroviral medication regimen. Which statement provided by the client requires additional instruction by the nurse?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Rationale:

On admission, the healthcare provider prescribes a broad spectrum antibiotic for a client with a gram-negative infection. Before administering the first dose, it is most important for the nurse to implement which prescription?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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