A client's arterial blood gas (ABG) reads: pH 7.18, PaCO2 54 mm Hg, HCO3 26 mEq/L. What condition does the nurse recognize may contribute to the development of this result? Normal values: pH: 7.35-7.45, PaCO2: 35-45 mm Hg, HCO3: 22-26 mEq/L
Prolonged vomiting
COPD
Chronic renal failure
Anxiety and hyperventilation
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: Prolonged vomiting typically leads to metabolic alkalosis due to the loss of gastric acid, which is not consistent with the ABG results showing acidosis.
Choice B reason: COPD can lead to respiratory acidosis, as indicated by the elevated PaCO2 and low pH in the ABG results, making it a likely contributor to these findings.
Choice C reason: Chronic renal failure can lead to metabolic acidosis, but the HCO3 level is within the normal range, which does not support this as the primary condition.
Choice D reason: Anxiety and hyperventilation usually result in respiratory alkalosis due to the excessive exhalation of CO2, which is the opposite of what the ABG results show.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Petechiae and bruising could be related to low platelet counts or clotting issues, but they are not directly indicated by the provided lab values.
Choice B reason: Jaundice and pruritus are symptoms associated with liver disease but are not specifically indicated by the lab values provided.
Choice C reason: Dyspnea and fatigue could be symptoms of many conditions, including liver disease, but they are not directly indicated by the lab values provided.
Choice D reason: Asterixis, a flapping tremor of the hands, and confusion are signs of hepatic encephalopathy, which can be associated with elevated serum ammonia levels, as indicated by the lab results.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Neutropenia, a decrease in neutrophils, is a known side effect of propylthiouracil (PTU) due to its impact on bone marrow and white blood cell production.
Choice B reason: Hyperglycemia is not a typical side effect of PTU; it is more commonly associated with medications affecting blood sugar levels.
Choice C reason: Polyuria, or excessive urination, is not a common side effect of PTU and is more often related to conditions affecting kidney function or blood glucose levels.
Choice D reason: Muscle cramps are not a direct side effect of PTU; they can be associated with various conditions, including electrolyte imbalances.
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