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A family of a client who has a medical history of stroke, hyperlipidemia, and peptic ulcer disease arrives at the memory care clinic with concerns about their loved one. The family states that the client has experienced worsening memory loss and forgetfulness over the last 6 months. The nurse is concerned the client is experiencing vascular dementia, due to which of the following factors?

The client's history of hyperlipidemia, because hyperlipidemia can lead to dementia due to blocked neuron communication throughout the body.

The client's history of peptic ulcer disease, because peptic ulcer disease can lead to dementia due to the loss of nerve cells in the stomach.

The client's history of peptic ulcer disease, because peptic ulcer disease can lead to dementia by destroying neuron communication in the stomach.

The client's history of stroke, because stroke can lead to dementia due to changes in the blood vessels of the brain.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. While hyperlipidemia can contribute to vascular damage, it primarily increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and stroke, rather than directly blocking neuron communication to cause dementia.
B. Peptic ulcer disease is not associated with dementia, and the loss of nerve cells in the stomach does not lead to cognitive decline.
C. Peptic ulcer disease does not cause dementia by impacting neuron communication in the stomach.
D. Vascular dementia is often caused by stroke due to reduced blood flow or damage to the blood vessels in the brain, leading to cognitive decline and memory loss.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Dyspnea can indicate heart failure or embolic events resulting from infective endocarditis, making it a serious complication that warrants attention.
B. Fever is a common symptom of infective endocarditis due to the infection but is not a complication; rather, it is part of the disease process.
C. Petechiae are small red or purple spots that can occur with infective endocarditis but are also not considered a complication, rather a manifestation of the condition.
D. A heart murmur may be present due to valvular damage but is not classified as a complication; it is a common finding in infective endocarditis.

A. Provide a nonskid mat to reduce plate movement. B. Encourage the use of wide grip utensils. C. Remind that the client look for food on the left side of the tray. D. Encourage the client to use her right hand when feeding herself.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. A nonskid mat might be helpful for plate stability, but it does not address the visual deficit related to homonymous hemianopsia.
B. Wide grip utensils are useful for motor difficulties, but the primary issue here is a visual field deficit, not motor impairment.
C. Homonymous hemianopsia results in loss of vision in the same half of the visual field in both eyes. Encouraging the client to turn her head or look for food on the affected side (left side of the tray) can help compensate for the visual loss.
D. While using the right hand may be important after a right-sided stroke, the more pressing issue here is addressing the visual field deficit, not hand preference.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is assisting with the care of a client who has infective endocarditis. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse identify as a complication of this disorder?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client who had a right-sided stroke and is exhibiting homonymous hemianopsia when eating. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A nurse is contributing to the plan of care for a client who has a seizure disorder. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan?

A nurse is reinforcing teaching to a client who has peripheral venous disease about management of symptoms. Which of the following client statements indicates to the nurse an understanding of the teaching?

A nurse is assisting with the care of a client following a left femoral cardiac angiography. The nurse should place a sandbag on the client over which of the following areas?

A nurse is collecting data on a client who has a heart rate of 56/min. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has peripheral vascular disease (PVD). The nurse should recognize that which of the following statements by the client indicates a need for further teaching?

A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has peripheral vascular disease (PVD). The nurse should recognize that which of the following statements by the client indicates a need for further teaching?

A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has peripheral arterial disease and reports pain when walking. The nurse should identify that the client can use which of the following herbal supplements to increase pain-free walking distance?

While admitting a client for a cardiac catheterization, the nurse asks the client about allergies. Which of the following client food allergies should the nurse report to the provider prior to the procedure?