A nurse is collecting data on a client who has multiple sclerosis. The client reports there are times when the symptoms are active and times when there are no symptoms. Which of the following types of multiple sclerosis does this pattern indicate?

Primary progressive multiple sclerosis

Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis

Secondary progressive multiple sclerosis

Clinically isolating syndrome

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Primary progressive multiple sclerosis is characterized by a gradual progression of symptoms without relapses, so this does not match the client's pattern.
B. Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis is defined by episodes of exacerbation (active symptoms) followed by periods of remission (no symptoms), which aligns with the client's description.
C. Secondary progressive multiple sclerosis follows an initial relapsing-remitting course but leads to a more continuous decline in function, so it does not match the pattern described.
D. Clinically isolating syndrome refers to a single episode of neurological symptoms but does not indicate the pattern of relapses and remissions typical of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Black cohosh is primarily used for menopausal symptoms and does not have benefits for peripheral arterial disease.
B. Echinacea is commonly used to boost the immune system but is not effective for improving circulation or walking distance in peripheral arterial disease.
C. Saw palmetto is mainly used for urinary symptoms related to benign prostatic hyperplasia and does not address the symptoms of peripheral arterial disease.
D. Ginkgo biloba has been shown to improve blood circulation and may help increase pain-free walking distance in clients with peripheral arterial disease, making it the most suitable option.

A. Nicardipine B. Phenytoin C. Dopamine D. Mannitol

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Nicardipine is a calcium channel blocker primarily used to manage blood pressure but does not directly reduce ICP.
B. Phenytoin is an anticonvulsant used to prevent seizures, which may occur after a hemorrhage, but it does not address increased ICP.
C. Dopamine is used to increase blood pressure and cardiac output but does not play a role in reducing ICP.
D. Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic that helps decrease ICP by drawing fluid from brain tissue into the bloodstream, thus relieving pressure within the skull. It is the most appropriate intervention for managing increased ICP.

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A nurse is collecting data on a client who has multiple sclerosis. The client reports there are times when the symptoms are active and times when there are no symptoms. Which of the following types of multiple sclerosis does this pattern indicate?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has peripheral arterial disease and reports pain when walking. The nurse should identify that the client can use which of the following herbal supplements to increase pain-free walking distance?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A nurse is assisting with the admission of a client who has a subarachnoid hemorrhage and increased intracranial pressure (ICP). Which of the following medications should the nurse anticipate the provider prescribing to decrease ICP?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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