A five-year-old child with HIV presents with dry cough, shortness of breath, and no weight gain for the past year and is diagnosed with lymphoid interstitial pneumonitis (LIP). The nurse develops the care plan based on the knowledge that:
The child should be put on Airborne Precautions.
Lymphoid interstitial pneumonitis (LIP) is rarely seen in children with AIDS.
Lymphoid interstitial pneumonitis (LIP) is a common AIDS-defining condition in children with HIV.
These symptoms need to be treated immediately with antibiotics.
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A reason: This statement is incorrect, as Airborne Precautions are not indicated for patients with LIP, unless they have other infections that are transmitted by airborne particles, such as tuberculosis, measles, or chickenpox. Airborne Precautions include wearing a respirator or N95 mask when entering the patient's room, placing the patient in a negative-pressure isolation room with the door closed, and limiting the movement of the patient outside the room.
Choice B reason: This statement is incorrect, as LIP is not rarely seen in children with AIDS, but rather one of the most common pulmonary complications of HIV infection in children. LIP affects about 30% to 40% of children with HIV, and is more prevalent in younger children than older children or adults.
Choice C reason: This statement is correct, as LIP is a common AIDS-defining condition in children with HIV. AIDS-defining conditions are illnesses that occur in people with advanced HIV infection and indicate a severe immunosuppression. LIP is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the lungs that causes lymphocytic infiltration of the interstitium and alveoli, leading to respiratory symptoms and impaired gas exchange.
Choice D reason: This statement is incorrect, as antibiotics are not the first-line treatment for LIP, unless there is a bacterial superinfection. Antibiotics do not target the underlying cause of LIP, which is the HIV infection and the associated immune dysfunction. The main treatment for LIP is antiretroviral therapy (ART), which suppresses the viral replication and improves the immune status of the patient. Corticosteroids may also be used to reduce the inflammation and improve the lung function.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: This statement is incorrect, as 5% is too high for the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV with ART. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the risk of transmission can be reduced to less than 5% with effective interventions, such as ART, safe delivery practices, and appropriate infant feeding¹.
Choice B reason: This statement is incorrect, as 20% is too high for the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV with ART. According to the WHO, the risk of transmission can be reduced to less than 5% with effective interventions, such as ART, safe delivery practices, and appropriate infant feeding¹.
Choice C reason: This statement is incorrect, as 15% is too high for the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV with ART. According to the WHO, the risk of transmission can be reduced to less than 5% with effective interventions, such as ART, safe delivery practices, and appropriate infant feeding¹.
Choice D reason: This statement is correct, as 1% is the approximate risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV with ART. According to HIV.gov, if a woman with HIV takes HIV medicine as prescribed throughout her pregnancy and childbirth and gives HIV medicine to her baby for 2-6 weeks after giving birth, the risk of transmitting HIV to the baby can be less than 1%.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: This is incorrect because an axillary temperature of 37.3° C is within the normal range for a 10-month-old child. It does not indicate any infection or complication after the surgery.
Choice B reason: This is incorrect because mild abdominal pain is expected after the surgery and can be managed with analgesics. It does not require immediate notification to the MD.
Choice C reason: This is incorrect because a BP of 100/54 is normal for a 10-month-old child. It does not indicate any shock or hemorrhage after the surgery.
Choice D reason: This is correct because currant jelly stools, which are stools mixed with blood and mucus, are a sign of intussusception, which is a telescoping of the bowel that causes obstruction and inflammation. Currant jelly stools after the surgery indicate that the intussusception has recurred and requires immediate intervention. The nurse should notify the MD and prepare the child for another surgery.
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