A patient has pleural effusion with empyema. The following are clinical manifestations except:
Bradycardia
Pleural pain
Cough
Fever
The Correct Answer is A
A. Bradycardia: Bradycardia, which is a slower than normal heart rate, is not a typical clinical manifestation of pleural effusion with empyema. In fact, fever and infection usually lead to tachycardia (an increased heart rate) as the body attempts to respond to infection.
B. Pleural pain: Pleural pain is a common symptom associated with pleural effusion and empyema, resulting from irritation of the pleura due to inflammation or infection.
C. Cough: A cough can occur with pleural effusion and empyema, often as a response to irritation or pressure in the thoracic cavity. It may also be associated with underlying lung conditions contributing to the effusion.
D. Fever: Fever is a typical clinical manifestation of empyema, indicating an infectious process. The presence of infection in the pleural space often results in systemic signs of infection, such as fever.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Myocardial ischemia: Myocardial ischemia contributes to ventricular remodeling by causing damage to the heart muscle, leading to changes in the size, shape, and function of the ventricles. The process involves cellular and molecular alterations in response to ischemic injury, ultimately resulting in adverse remodeling that can exacerbate heart failure.
B. Right ventricular failure: Right ventricular failure may occur as a consequence of other cardiac conditions but is not a direct contributor to ventricular remodeling. Instead, it is often a result of left-sided heart failure or pulmonary hypertension, making it secondary to the primary pathologic changes.
C. Left ventricular hypertrophy: Left ventricular hypertrophy can occur as a response to chronic pressure overload (such as hypertension) but is a result of ventricular remodeling rather than a direct contributor to the remodeling process itself. It may indicate underlying issues rather than cause them.
D. Contractile dysfunction: Contractile dysfunction reflects impaired heart muscle contraction but does not directly cause ventricular remodeling. While it can be a consequence of remodeling due to conditions like ischemia or heart failure, it does not initiate the remodeling process itself.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Obtaining a STAT electrocardiogram: While obtaining an electrocardiogram (ECG) can be important in evaluating a patient's cardiac status, it is not the highest priority in the context of suspected AAA rupture. Immediate management focuses on stabilizing the patient and addressing potential hemorrhagic shock.
B. Inserting an indwelling urinary catheter: Inserting a urinary catheter may be necessary for monitoring urine output, but it is not the immediate priority when managing a suspected AAA rupture. The focus should be on life-threatening conditions first.
C. Increasing cardiac contractility: Increasing cardiac contractility may be relevant in some clinical situations, but it does not directly address the urgent need to maintain hemodynamic stability and prevent shock in a patient with suspected AAA rupture.
D. Maintaining blood pressure: Maintaining blood pressure is the highest priority intervention in this scenario. Patients with a suspected AAA rupture are at high risk for hypovolemic shock due to internal bleeding. Ensuring adequate blood pressure is critical to perfusing vital organs and stabilizing the patient before surgical intervention.
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