A home health nurse is conducting a home visit.

Exhibits

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Nurses' Notes

Client is an older adult client with a history of osteoporosis, hypertension, and depression. Client is living independently with help of an aid for housekeeping and laundry. General appearance is neat, hair combed, clothing appropriate for weather. Skin color appropriate for ethnicity, overall skin is dry with bruising and small skin tear noted on knuckle of right hand. Dentures in glass on table. Client reports dentures don't fit well and make their mouth sore. Cough noted while client was drinking juice. Client reports appetite is decreased due to not being very hungry. Client reports eating mostly dinners that adult child prepares and freezes for them. Client states, "I just have to heat them up." Client also states. "Food just doesn't taste good anymore, and have a hard time chewing anything."

A. A weight gain of 25 to 35 pounds is recommended for women with a normal BMI (18.5–24.9). The client in this scenario has a BMI of 26.5, which places her in the overweight category.
B. The recommended weight gain for a client with a BMI of 25–29.9 (overweight) is 15 to 25 pounds. This amount of weight gain helps reduce the risk of complications such as gestational diabetes and hypertension.
C. While gaining 1 pound per week might be appropriate in the second and third trimesters, it doesn't specify the total recommended weight gain, which is more critical for a client with a BMI of 26.5.
D. A weight gain of 11 to 20 pounds is recommended for women with a BMI of 30 or higher (obese), not for those in the overweight category.

A. Trust vs. mistrust is the first stage of Erikson's psychosocial development, occurring from birth to approximately 18 months. During this stage, infants learn to trust their caregivers to meet their needs, leading to a sense of security.

B. Autonomy vs. shame and doubt is the second stage, occurring from approximately 18 months to 3 years. In this stage, toddlers learn to assert their independence by making choices and exercising self-control. Success leads to autonomy, while failure results in feelings of shame and doubt.

C. Initiative vs. guilt is the third stage, occurring from approximately 3 to 6 years. During this stage, children begin to take initiative in their activities, planning, and decision-making. Success in this stage leads to a sense of purpose, while failure can result in guilt over initiative taken.

D. Industry vs. inferiority is the fourth stage, occurring from approximately 6 to 12 years. In this stage, children develop a sense of industry by mastering tasks, succeeding in school, and receiving recognition. Failure to achieve this sense of industry can lead to feelings of inferiority.

E. Identity vs. role confusion is the fifth stage, occurring during adolescence. During this stage, individuals explore their personal identity, values, and beliefs. Success in this stage leads to a strong sense of identity, while failure results in role confusion and uncertainty about one’s place in society.