A middle-aged client presents for an annual health visit at a community clinic. The client is 5 feet 10 inches (177.8 cm) tall, weighs 250 pounds (113.4 kg), and works as an accountant. The client has smoked at least one pack of cigarettes every day for the last 15 years. Which secondary prevention measure should the nurse recommend the client to follow?
Smoking cessation.
Compliance with antihypertensive and lipid lowering agents.
Blood pressure and lipid screening.
Increase physical activity and diet low in saturated fat.
The Correct Answer is C
A) Smoking cessation:
Smoking cessation is a crucial preventive measure and is considered a primary prevention strategy to reduce the risk of developing smoking-related diseases. However, for a middle-aged client who already has health issues such as obesity or hypertension, secondary prevention focuses on early detection and management of conditions that have already developed or are at high risk of developing.
B) Compliance with antihypertensive and lipid-lowering agents:
While compliance with medication is essential for managing existing conditions such as hypertension or dyslipidemia, it is not a secondary prevention measure in itself. Secondary prevention is focused on screening and early detection of health issues before they progress further.
C) Blood pressure and lipid screening:
Blood pressure and lipid screening are appropriate secondary prevention measures for this client. Secondary prevention involves identifying and managing health conditions early to prevent progression or complications. Given the client’s smoking history, weight, and potential risk for cardiovascular issues, regular screening for blood pressure and lipid levels helps detect any developing issues early, allowing for timely intervention.
D) Increase physical activity and diet low in saturated fat:
Increasing physical activity and adopting a diet low in saturated fat are important lifestyle changes for overall health and primary prevention of chronic diseases. However, in the context of secondary prevention, where the focus is on monitoring and managing existing risk factors or health conditions, screening measures like blood pressure and lipid testing are more directly relevant.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Teach clients about recommended immunizations for children:
Teaching about immunizations is a form of primary prevention, as it aims to prevent diseases before they occur. It is not classified as tertiary prevention.
B. Instruct teens about prevention of sexually transmitted diseases:
Instructing about the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) is a form of secondary prevention. It focuses on preventing the spread of disease and identifying it early.
C. Take blood pressures at a local shopping mall in the community:
Measuring blood pressure is an example of secondary prevention, which involves screening for health issues to detect them early. It does not fall under tertiary prevention, which focuses on managing existing conditions.
D. Demonstrate foot care to a group of clients who have diabetes:
Demonstrating foot care to clients with diabetes is an example of tertiary prevention. It involves managing and preventing complications in individuals who already have a chronic condition (diabetes). This helps in minimizing the impact of the disease and improving the quality of life for those affected.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A) Long bone density testing:
Bone density testing is typically not a priority for elementary school students. This type of testing is more relevant for older populations or individuals at risk for conditions such as osteoporosis. For elementary-aged children, other measures are more pertinent to their immediate health needs.
B) Annual flu vaccination status:
While tracking annual flu vaccination status is important for preventing influenza and maintaining public health, it does not encompass a broad range of health risks. A health risk screening protocol should include measures that provide a comprehensive view of a child's overall health and growth.
C) Weight and height measurement:
Weight and height measurements are fundamental components of health risk screening in elementary school children. These measurements help assess growth patterns, identify potential issues with malnutrition or obesity, and monitor overall health. They are critical for evaluating whether children are developing appropriately and for identifying early signs of potential health problems.
D) Serum total cholesterol level:
Measuring serum total cholesterol levels is more relevant for older children or those with specific risk factors for cardiovascular disease. For elementary school children, it is more practical to focus on growth metrics such as weight and height, which provide immediate and actionable insights into their health status.
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