A middle-aged client presents for an annual health visit at a community clinic. The client is 5 feet 10 inches (177.8 cm) tall, weighs 250 pounds (113.4 kg), and works as an accountant. The client has smoked at least one pack of cigarettes every day for the last 15 years. Which secondary prevention measure should the nurse recommend the client to follow?

Smoking cessation.

Compliance with antihypertensive and lipid lowering agents.

Blood pressure and lipid screening.

Increase physical activity and diet low in saturated fat.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A) Smoking cessation:
Smoking cessation is a crucial preventive measure and is considered a primary prevention strategy to reduce the risk of developing smoking-related diseases. However, for a middle-aged client who already has health issues such as obesity or hypertension, secondary prevention focuses on early detection and management of conditions that have already developed or are at high risk of developing.

B) Compliance with antihypertensive and lipid-lowering agents:
While compliance with medication is essential for managing existing conditions such as hypertension or dyslipidemia, it is not a secondary prevention measure in itself. Secondary prevention is focused on screening and early detection of health issues before they progress further.

C) Blood pressure and lipid screening:
Blood pressure and lipid screening are appropriate secondary prevention measures for this client. Secondary prevention involves identifying and managing health conditions early to prevent progression or complications. Given the client’s smoking history, weight, and potential risk for cardiovascular issues, regular screening for blood pressure and lipid levels helps detect any developing issues early, allowing for timely intervention.

D) Increase physical activity and diet low in saturated fat:
Increasing physical activity and adopting a diet low in saturated fat are important lifestyle changes for overall health and primary prevention of chronic diseases. However, in the context of secondary prevention, where the focus is on monitoring and managing existing risk factors or health conditions, screening measures like blood pressure and lipid testing are more directly relevant.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Characteristics of families in the upper-middle class:
Understanding the characteristics of families in a specific income bracket can provide useful context, but it does not directly address the distribution of income within the community. The focus should be on the entire income range and how it affects the community's needs.

B. The reliability of such a high average family income:
While it's important to consider the accuracy of data, this question is more about how the range and distribution of income affect the community. The reliability of the data is less relevant than understanding the income distribution.

C. The frequency of incomes above and below the average:
Assessing the frequency of incomes above and below the average provides a better understanding of income distribution within the community. This information helps identify socioeconomic disparities and guide targeted interventions or resources needed for different income groups.

D. Interventions focused on college-educated individuals:
Focusing on college-educated individuals may be relevant in some contexts, but it does not address the broader issue of income distribution. Understanding the frequency of different income levels is more directly related to addressing the needs of the community based on their income range.

A. Provide the information for research purposes only. B. Ask the student to sign a standard waiver form. C. Obtain written authorization from clients to release the information. D. Ask if permission has been obtained from the research committee.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A) Provide the information for research purposes only:
Providing client information without proper authorization, even for research purposes, violates confidentiality and privacy regulations. Client information should only be shared in accordance with legal and ethical guidelines to protect patient privacy.

B) Ask the student to sign a standard waiver form:
While obtaining a waiver might be necessary for some purposes, it is not sufficient on its own for releasing personal health information. The primary requirement is to obtain written authorization from the clients whose information is being requested.

C) Obtain written authorization from clients to release the information:
The most appropriate action is to obtain written authorization from the clients before releasing any personal health information. This ensures compliance with privacy regulations, such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), which mandates that client information be protected and only disclosed with explicit consent.

D) Ask if permission has been obtained from the research committee:
Permission from a research committee does not substitute for individual client consent. While research committees oversee ethical aspects of research, the release of personal health information must also adhere to privacy laws and require individual client authorization.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The community health nurse determines that the average family income of a certain community is $67,000 per year with a range of $27,000 to $102,000. Based on this demographic information, which additional information is important for the nurse to assess?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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