A middle-aged client presents for an annual health visit at a community clinic. The client is 5 feet 10 inches (177.8 cm) tall, weighs 250 pounds (113.4 kg), and works as an accountant. The client has smoked at least one pack of cigarettes every day for the last 15 years. Which secondary prevention measure should the nurse recommend the client to follow?

Smoking cessation.

Compliance with antihypertensive and lipid lowering agents.

Blood pressure and lipid screening.

Increase physical activity and diet low in saturated fat.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A) Smoking cessation:
Smoking cessation is a crucial preventive measure and is considered a primary prevention strategy to reduce the risk of developing smoking-related diseases. However, for a middle-aged client who already has health issues such as obesity or hypertension, secondary prevention focuses on early detection and management of conditions that have already developed or are at high risk of developing.

B) Compliance with antihypertensive and lipid-lowering agents:
While compliance with medication is essential for managing existing conditions such as hypertension or dyslipidemia, it is not a secondary prevention measure in itself. Secondary prevention is focused on screening and early detection of health issues before they progress further.

C) Blood pressure and lipid screening:
Blood pressure and lipid screening are appropriate secondary prevention measures for this client. Secondary prevention involves identifying and managing health conditions early to prevent progression or complications. Given the client’s smoking history, weight, and potential risk for cardiovascular issues, regular screening for blood pressure and lipid levels helps detect any developing issues early, allowing for timely intervention.

D) Increase physical activity and diet low in saturated fat:
Increasing physical activity and adopting a diet low in saturated fat are important lifestyle changes for overall health and primary prevention of chronic diseases. However, in the context of secondary prevention, where the focus is on monitoring and managing existing risk factors or health conditions, screening measures like blood pressure and lipid testing are more directly relevant.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A) Hepatitis B vaccine:
While Hepatitis B is a significant vaccine for many travelers, especially those at risk of bloodborne pathogen exposure or those planning extended stays, Hepatitis A is more commonly prioritized for short-term travel to developing nations where sanitation and food safety may be compromised.

B) Influenza vaccine:
The influenza vaccine is important for seasonal protection against flu, but it is not specifically targeted at the types of health risks commonly encountered in developing nations. It's generally recommended for annual protection but is not the primary concern for travel to developing countries.

C) Tetanus toxoid vaccine:
Tetanus is a concern for wound management and prevention of tetanus infection, but it is not specific to travel to developing nations. This vaccine is typically part of routine immunizations and might be updated based on injury or specific risk factors, rather than travel alone.

D) Hepatitis A vaccine:
Hepatitis A is crucial for travelers to developing nations because it is transmitted through contaminated food and water. In areas with poor sanitation and hygiene, the risk of Hepatitis A is high. Therefore, the Hepatitis A vaccine should be prioritized to prevent infection in these conditions.

A. Ask each older adult to bring a food for others to taste, then estimate the fat contained in these foods. B. Show a movie about cooking with foods that are low in fat but delicious. C. Determine foods most often eaten by this group and discuss the nutritional panel of each product. D. Display posters with foods and tell the seniors about the fat content

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A) Ask each older adult to bring a food for others to taste, then estimate the fat contained in these foods:
While involving participants by having them bring foods can encourage engagement, estimating fat content without precise measurements or nutritional information may lead to inaccuracies. This method does not provide the structured and clear information needed for effective education about fat content.

B) Show a movie about cooking with foods that are low in fat but delicious:
Showing a movie can be an engaging way to present information, but it may not offer detailed, interactive learning about the specific fat content of foods. A movie provides general information but lacks the direct discussion and analysis of nutritional data that participants might need.

C) Determine foods most often eaten by this group and discuss the nutritional panel of each product:
This method is effective as it addresses the specific foods commonly consumed by the older adults in the group. Discussing the nutritional panels of these foods allows for a focused examination of fat content and other nutritional information relevant to their diets. This approach provides practical, personalized education and helps participants make informed dietary choices.

D) Display posters with foods and tell the seniors about the fat content:
Displaying posters with information about fat content is useful for visual learning but may not be as interactive or engaging as discussing specific foods that participants are familiar with. This method provides general information but lacks the personalized touch of discussing commonly eaten foods and their nutritional panels.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A client comes to the public health clinic requesting information about which immunizations to receive prior to visiting a developing nation. Which immunization should the nurse recommend as a priority for this client?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A nurse is planning a nutrition class for a group of older adults at a community center and wants to emphasize the amount and types of fat in some foods versus others. Which teaching method is best for the nurse to use?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A homeless client with alcohol dependency will be dismissed from the emergency department in 24 hours. The nurse notes that a tuberculin (TB) skin test was prescribed by the healthcare provider. Which intervention is most important for the nurse to implement prior to discharge?

The school nurse is assessing a group of middle school students for signs of scoliosis and discovers a student with a noticeable unequal symmetry of the upper and lower back. Which intervention is most important for the nurse to implement?

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, which diseases are reportable infectious diseases? Select all that apply.

The parish nurse notes that an older adult client has had a 5 lb (2.3 kg) weight loss since a check-up one month ago. The client has good hygiene, still drives a car, and lives alone. To which agency should the nurse refer this client?

Which measure should the college health clinic nurse implement to reduce the incidence of meningococcal meningitis in college freshmen?

A community health nurse is planning strategies to prevent an increase in the incidence of osteoporosis in the community. Which activity should the nurse include?

The city health department director asks the community health nurse to make a presentation describing the greatest health concern facing the city. How should the nurse begin to collect the data needed for this presentation?