The nurse is documenting the medical history of a young adult client who was recently diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus. The client smokes 2 packs of cigarettes daily and the client's father died of a heart attack at the age of 45. Which annual screening is most important for the nurse include?
Renal insufficiency.
Peripheral neuropathy.
Hyperlipidemia.
Retinopathy.
The Correct Answer is C
A. Renal insufficiency: While annual screening for renal insufficiency is important for individuals with diabetes to detect early signs of diabetic nephropathy, it is not as directly related to the immediate risks associated with smoking and family history of heart disease.
B. Peripheral neuropathy: Screening for peripheral neuropathy is essential for diabetes management, but it is not the most critical in the context of the client's smoking history and family history of early heart disease.
C. Hyperlipidemia: Given the client’s significant risk factors—including smoking two packs of cigarettes daily and a family history of early cardiovascular events—it is crucial to screen for hyperlipidemia. Smoking and a family history of early heart attack both increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, which is often associated with high cholesterol levels. Addressing hyperlipidemia can help mitigate the risk of cardiovascular complications.
D. Retinopathy: Screening for diabetic retinopathy is important for managing diabetes and preventing vision problems. However, in the context of the client's smoking and family history, addressing hyperlipidemia is a more immediate concern related to cardiovascular health.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A) Fasting blood glucose average readings were 20% lower at the end of the classes:
This outcome measure directly evaluates the effectiveness of the diabetes education classes. A significant reduction in fasting blood glucose levels indicates that the classes had a positive impact on the clients' diabetes management, reflecting the practical success of the educational interventions.
B) Discussion of food exchanges and calories was a well-attended class:
While class attendance is a positive indicator of interest, it does not measure the actual effectiveness of the classes in improving diabetes management. Attendance alone does not confirm that the information was effectively applied or that it led to improved health outcomes.
C) Demonstrating the use of a blood glucose meter was an effective teaching strategy:
Although demonstrating the use of a blood glucose meter is an important teaching strategy, evaluating its effectiveness does not provide a comprehensive measure of the overall impact of the classes. The ultimate goal is to see improvements in health outcomes, such as blood glucose control.
D) Parking convenience for attendees continued to be a major concern:
While logistical issues like parking convenience are important for class accessibility, they do not reflect the effectiveness of the educational content in improving health outcomes. The focus should be on measurable changes in clients' health status, such as blood glucose levels.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Review the previous school nurse's anecdotal documents:
While reviewing past documents may provide some context or historical insights, anecdotal evidence is subjective and may not offer a comprehensive or objective validation of current findings.
B. Obtain morbidity and mortality data for the geographic area:
Morbidity and mortality data offer objective, quantifiable information about health conditions and outcomes in the community. This data helps validate and supplement the observations from a windshield survey by providing concrete evidence on health trends, disease prevalence, and outcomes in the area.
C. Talk with teachers about their concerns for the students:
Teachers’ perspectives can provide valuable insights into student health and well-being, but this method is subjective and may not provide the objective validation needed to corroborate findings from a windshield survey.
D. Discuss with the Parent/Teacher Association (PTA) board about their perception of school events:
The PTA board’s perceptions can offer useful information about community and school events, but their feedback is subjective and may not provide the objective data needed to validate the findings of a windshield survey.
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