A middle-aged client tells the nurse that his father died of colon cancer. The client is concerned about developing this disease as well. Which of the following would the nurse include in the recommendations for this client?

"It is imperative that you make dietary changes and increase your intake of fiber."

"You should discuss family history of cancer and early screening options with your primary care provider."

"You can get a Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) blood test annually to predict your chances of developing cancer."

"There is no need to worry about this until you are over 60 years old."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Increasing fiber intake is generally beneficial for digestive health but alone may not address the client's specific concern regarding colon cancer risk, making this advice too narrow.
B. Discussing family history and early screening options with a primary care provider is crucial, as it can lead to earlier detection and intervention, especially given the family history of colon cancer.
C. The CEA blood test is not routinely used for cancer screening; it is primarily used to monitor treatment response or recurrence, not for predicting the development of cancer.
D. Waiting until the age of 60 to be concerned about colon cancer is not advisable, especially with a family history; proactive discussions about screening should begin earlier based on risk factors.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Magnesium at 2.0 mEq/L is within the normal range (1.6-2.2 mg/dL) and does not require immediate intervention.
B. A serum sodium level of 126 mEq/L indicates hyponatremia, which can lead to neurological complications, particularly in patients with brain cancer. Immediate reporting is necessary to manage potential risks such as seizures or altered mental status.
C. A potassium level of 3.5 mEq/L is on the lower limit of normal (3.5-5.3 mEq/L) but is still considered acceptable and does not require urgent action.
D. Calcium at 10 mg/L is an incorrect unit for this context, as total serum calcium is typically measured in mg/dL, and 10 mg/dL falls within the normal range (8.2-10.2 mg/dL).

A. Request the physician order an antidepressant medication for the client B. Encourage the client to verbalize feelings about the diagnosis C. Explain the improved prognosis for colon cancer with new treatment D. Allow the client time to reflect on the diagnosis

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Requesting antidepressant medication may be appropriate later, but it does not address the immediate need for emotional support and communication.
B. Encouraging the client to verbalize feelings about their diagnosis provides an opportunity for the client to express their concerns and emotions, fostering a therapeutic relationship and aiding in emotional processing.
C. While explaining improved prognosis can provide hope, it may minimize the client’s feelings of fear and uncertainty and could be perceived as dismissive.
D. Allowing time for reflection is important, but it should be balanced with the need for communication and support to prevent isolation.

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Electrolyte	Normal Value Range
Serum sodium	135-145 mEq/L
Serum chloride	97-107 mEq/L
Serum potassium	3.5-5:3 mEq/L
Serum magnesium	1.6-2.2 mg/dL
Total serum calcium	8.2-10.2 mg/dL
lonized calcium	4.6-5.3 mg/dL
Serum phosphorus	2.5-4.5 mg/dL
Serum osmolality	275-295 mOsm/kg
Urine osmolality	250-900 mOsm/kg

A middle-aged client tells the nurse that his father died of colon cancer. The client is concerned about developing this disease as well. Which of the following would the nurse include in the recommendations for this client?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

The nurse is caring for a client who has been newly diagnosed with cancer. The client has become withdrawn from family members. Which strategy will the nurse use to assist the client at this time?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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