A nasal spray of desmopressin acetate (DDAVP) is used to treat which endocrine disorder of the pituitary gland?

Choice A reason:

Extracellular hyperglycemia refers to high blood sugar levels outside the cells. While hyperglycemia is a common feature of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), it is not the direct cause of the condition. DKA occurs when the body cannot use glucose for energy due to a lack of insulin, leading to the breakdown of fat and protein for energy, which produces ketones and causes acidosis.

Choice B Reason:

Hypoglycemia, or low blood sugar, is not associated with diabetic ketoacidosis. In fact, DKA is characterized by high blood sugar levels. Hypoglycemia is a separate condition that can occur in individuals with diabetes, particularly if they take too much insulin or skip meals.

Choice C Reason:

The use of fat and protein as an energy source is the primary mechanism behind diabetic ketoacidosis. When insulin is deficient, the body cannot utilize glucose for energy. As a result, it breaks down fat and protein to produce energy. This process generates ketones, which are acidic and lead to the development of ketoacidosis.

Choice D Reason:

Increased cellular metabolism of glucose is not related to diabetic ketoacidosis. In DKA, the problem is that cells cannot use glucose effectively due to a lack of insulin. Instead, the body resorts to breaking down fat and protein for energy, leading to the production of ketones and acidosis.

The correct answer is c. An excessive destruction of platelets.

Choice A: Diffuse fibrin deposition in the microvasculature

Diffuse fibrin deposition in the microvasculature is not characteristic of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). This description is more aligned with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), a condition where widespread clotting occurs within the blood vessels, leading to multiple organ damage.

Choice B: Deficiency in the production rate of globin chains

A deficiency in the production rate of globin chains is associated with thalassemia, a genetic blood disorder that affects the production of hemoglobin. This is not related to the pathology of immune thrombocytopenia.

Choice C: An excessive destruction of platelets

An excessive destruction of platelets is the hallmark of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). In ITP, the immune system mistakenly targets and destroys platelets, which are essential for blood clotting. This leads to a low platelet count and an increased risk of bleeding.

Choice D: Bone marrow failure in which all elements are suppressed

Bone marrow failure in which all elements are suppressed is characteristic of aplastic anemia, a condition where the bone marrow fails to produce sufficient blood cells. This is not related to immune thrombocytopenia.