A nasal spray of desmopressin acetate (DDAVP) is used to treat which endocrine disorder of the pituitary gland?
Diabetes insipidus
Acute adrenocortical insufficiency
Hypopituitarism
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A reason:
Diabetes insipidus: Desmopressin acetate (DDAVP) is primarily used to treat central diabetes insipidus, a condition where the body lacks sufficient antidiuretic hormone (ADH) due to issues with the pituitary gland or hypothalamus. This hormone helps regulate water balance in the body, and desmopressin acts as a synthetic replacement to reduce frequent urination and excessive thirst.
Choice B Reason:
Acute adrenocortical insufficiency: This condition, also known as Addison’s disease, involves insufficient production of cortisol and aldosterone by the adrenal glands. Desmopressin is not used to treat this condition as it does not address the hormonal deficiencies involved.
Choice C Reason:
Hypopituitarism: This condition involves the underproduction of one or more hormones by the pituitary gland. While desmopressin can be used to manage specific symptoms related to ADH deficiency, it is not a comprehensive treatment for hypopituitarism, which requires hormone replacement therapy for multiple hormones.
Choice D Reason:
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH): SIADH is characterized by excessive release of ADH, leading to water retention and hyponatremia. Desmopressin is not used to treat SIADH; in fact, it would exacerbate the condition by increasing ADH levels.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["A","C"]
Explanation
The correct answer is a. Vomiting, c. Tachycardia.
Choice A: Vomiting
Vomiting is a common symptom of thyroid storm. Thyroid storm is a life-threatening condition that occurs when the thyroid gland releases a large amount of thyroid hormone in a short period. This sudden surge in thyroid hormone can cause severe metabolic disturbances, leading to symptoms such as vomiting. Vomiting can result from the body’s attempt to cope with the excessive thyroid hormone levels, which can affect the gastrointestinal system.
Choice B: Constipation
Constipation is not typically associated with thyroid storm. In fact, hyperthyroidism, including thyroid storm, usually causes an increase in bowel movements or diarrhea due to the accelerated metabolism. Constipation is more commonly associated with hypothyroidism, where the thyroid gland is underactive and slows down bodily functions.
Choice C: Tachycardia
Tachycardia, or a rapid heart rate, is a hallmark symptom of thyroid storm. The excessive thyroid hormones increase the body’s metabolic rate, leading to an increased demand for oxygen and nutrients. To meet this demand, the heart rate increases significantly, often exceeding 140 beats per minute. This rapid heart rate can be dangerous and requires immediate medical attention.
Choice D: Hypotension
Hypotension, or low blood pressure, is not a typical symptom of thyroid storm. Instead, thyroid storm often causes hypertension (high blood pressure) due to the increased metabolic activity and the body’s heightened demand for oxygen and nutrients. The cardiovascular system responds by increasing blood pressure to ensure adequate blood flow to vital organs.
Correct Answer is ["3600"]
Explanation
Step-by-Step Calculation:
Step 1: Determine the amount of ORS needed per kg for moderate dehydration.
- Moderate dehydration requires 100 mL of ORS per kg.
Step 2: Calculate the total amount of ORS needed.
- Child’s weight = 36 kg
- Amount of ORS per kg = 100 mL
Step 3: Multiply the child’s weight by the amount of ORS per kg.
- 36 kg × 100 mL/kg = 3600 mL
Step 4: Convert the total amount of ORS from mL to cups.
- 1 cup = 240 mL
- Total ORS needed = 3600 mL
Step 5: Divide the total ORS needed by the amount of mL in one cup.
- 3600 mL ÷ 240 mL/cup = 15 cups
Summary:
The child will need 3600 mL (or 15 cups) of ORS within 4 hours.
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