A nasal spray of desmopressin acetate (DDAVP) is used to treat which endocrine disorder of the pituitary gland?
Diabetes insipidus
Acute adrenocortical insufficiency
Hypopituitarism
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A reason:
Diabetes insipidus: Desmopressin acetate (DDAVP) is primarily used to treat central diabetes insipidus, a condition where the body lacks sufficient antidiuretic hormone (ADH) due to issues with the pituitary gland or hypothalamus. This hormone helps regulate water balance in the body, and desmopressin acts as a synthetic replacement to reduce frequent urination and excessive thirst.
Choice B Reason:
Acute adrenocortical insufficiency: This condition, also known as Addison’s disease, involves insufficient production of cortisol and aldosterone by the adrenal glands. Desmopressin is not used to treat this condition as it does not address the hormonal deficiencies involved.
Choice C Reason:
Hypopituitarism: This condition involves the underproduction of one or more hormones by the pituitary gland. While desmopressin can be used to manage specific symptoms related to ADH deficiency, it is not a comprehensive treatment for hypopituitarism, which requires hormone replacement therapy for multiple hormones.
Choice D Reason:
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH): SIADH is characterized by excessive release of ADH, leading to water retention and hyponatremia. Desmopressin is not used to treat SIADH; in fact, it would exacerbate the condition by increasing ADH levels.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason:
Weight loss despite increased eating is a classic symptom of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children. This occurs because the body is unable to use glucose for energy due to a lack of insulin. As a result, the body starts breaking down fat and muscle for energy, leading to weight loss even though the child may have an increased appetite.
Choice B Reason:
Pale, moist skin is not typically associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus. This symptom is more commonly related to conditions such as anemia or infections. In type 1 diabetes, the skin may actually appear dry due to dehydration caused by high blood sugar levels.
Choice C Reason:
Weight gain and fluid overload are not characteristic of type 1 diabetes mellitus. In fact, children with type 1 diabetes often experience weight loss. Fluid overload is more commonly seen in conditions such as heart failure or kidney disease.
Choice D Reason:
Poor sleep with frequent awakening is not a specific symptom of type 1 diabetes mellitus. While children with diabetes may experience nocturia (frequent urination at night) due to high blood sugar levels, this is not the primary clinical manifestation. The main symptoms are related to hyperglycemia and the body’s inability to use glucose for energy.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
The correct answer is b. Preadolescent growth spurt
Choice A reason:
Idiopathic scoliosis is not typically noticeable when a toddler begins to walk. At this stage, the spine is still developing, and any curvature is usually not significant enough to be detected. Idiopathic scoliosis most commonly becomes noticeable during periods of rapid growth, which occur later in childhood.
Choice B Reason:
The preadolescent growth spurt is the period when idiopathic scoliosis becomes most noticeable. This is because the rapid growth during this time can exacerbate the curvature of the spine. Idiopathic scoliosis often becomes apparent between the ages of 10 and 18 years, when children experience significant growth spurts.
Choice C Reason:
Late adolescence is not the period when idiopathic scoliosis becomes most noticeable. By this time, most children have completed their major growth spurts, and any scoliosis would likely have been detected earlier. The condition is typically identified during the preadolescent growth spurt.
Choice D Reason:
The newborn period is not associated with the development of idiopathic scoliosis. While congenital scoliosis can be present at birth, idiopathic scoliosis develops later in childhood, particularly during periods of rapid growth.
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