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Calculate a bolus rate (mL/kg/hour) to be given to a severely dehydrated child with diarrhea weighing 23 kg over 60 minutes. The pulse will be checked after the bolus.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is ["20"]

Calculation Steps

Step 1: Determine the child’s weight in kg.

Weight = 23 kg

Step 2: Determine the time period in hours.

Time = 60 minutes = 1 hour

Step 3: Calculate the bolus rate in mL/kg/hour.

Bolus rate (mL/kg/hour) = Total volume (mL) ÷ (Weight × Time)

Step 4: Assume a standard bolus volume for severe dehydration, which is typically 20 mL/kg.

Total volume = 20 mL/kg × 23 kg = 460 mL

Step 5: Calculate the bolus rate.

Bolus rate (mL/kg/hour) = 460 mL ÷ (23 kg × 1 hour) = 20 mL/kg/hour

Result

The bolus rate to be given to the severely dehydrated child is 20 mL/kg/hour.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

The correct answer is d) Central nervous system.

Choice A reason:

The musculoskeletal system is not primarily affected by abnormal phenylalanine levels. Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a metabolic disorder that primarily impacts the brain and cognitive functions. While muscle weakness can occur due to overall health deterioration, it is not the primary system affected by phenylalanine toxicity.

Choice B reason:

The renal system is not the main target of phenylalanine toxicity. Although the kidneys play a role in filtering blood and excreting waste, the toxic effects of phenylalanine accumulation are more pronounced in the brain. Therefore, the renal system is not the primary system affected by abnormal phenylalanine levels.

Choice C reason:

The GI system, or gastrointestinal system, is not the primary system affected by abnormal phenylalanine levels. While dietary management is crucial for individuals with PKU to control phenylalanine intake, the toxic effects are primarily seen in the brain. The GI system is involved in the absorption and digestion of nutrients, but it is not the main system impacted by phenylalanine toxicity.

Choice D reason:

The central nervous system (CNS) is the primary system affected by abnormal phenylalanine levels. Phenylketonuria (PKU) leads to the accumulation of phenylalanine in the brain, causing severe brain damage and cognitive impairments. High levels of phenylalanine can disrupt neurotransmitter synthesis and brain development, leading to intellectual disabilities and other neurological issues. Therefore, the CNS is the main system impacted by phenylalanine toxicity.

A. Use a straw to administer the medication. B. Give the medication with vitamin C. C. It is best to give the medication with food. D. Give the medication with milk.

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C"]

Explanation

The correct answers are a) Use a straw to administer the medication, b) Give the medication with vitamin C, and c) It is best to give the medication with food.

Choice A reason:

Using a straw to administer ferrous sulfate is recommended to prevent staining of the teeth. Ferrous sulfate, especially in liquid form, can cause discoloration of the teeth if it comes into direct contact with them. By using a straw, the medication bypasses the teeth, reducing the risk of staining.

Choice B reason:

Giving ferrous sulfate with vitamin C is beneficial because vitamin C enhances the absorption of iron. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) helps convert iron into a form that is more easily absorbed by the body. Therefore, administering ferrous sulfate with a source of vitamin C, such as orange juice, can improve its effectiveness.

Choice C reason:

It is best to give ferrous sulfate with food to reduce gastrointestinal side effects. While iron is best absorbed on an empty stomach, it can cause stomach upset, nausea, and constipation. Taking the medication with food can help mitigate these side effects, making it more tolerable for the child.

Choice D reason:

Giving ferrous sulfate with milk is not recommended. Dairy products, including milk, can interfere with the absorption of iron. Calcium in milk binds with iron, reducing its bioavailability and effectiveness. Therefore, it is best to avoid giving ferrous sulfate with milk or other dairy products.

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Calculate a bolus rate (mL/kg/hour) to be given to a severely dehydrated child with diarrhea weighing 23 kg over 60 minutes. The pulse will be checked after the bolus.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Abnormal phenylalanine levels have a cumulative toxic effect on which body system?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Which of the following should the nurse include when teaching a parent about the administration of ferrous sulfate to a 4-year-old child? (Select all that apply)

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C"]

Explanation

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