A new mother expresses concern to the nurse that her baby is crying and grunting when passing stool. What is the nurse's best response to this observation?

"This is normal behavior for infants unless the stool passed is black or green."

"This is normal behavior for infants due to the immaturity of the gastrointestinal system."

"This is normal behavior for infants unless the stool passed is hard and dry."

"This indicates a blockage in the intestine and must be reported to the health care provider."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. "This is normal behavior for infants unless the stool passed is black or green.": While black or green stools may indicate potential issues, grunting and crying during bowel movements are common behaviors in infants and are not necessarily indicative of a problem.

B. "This is normal behavior for infants due to the immaturity of the gastrointestinal system.": Grunting and crying during bowel movements are typical behaviors in infants, especially during the first few months of life. This is because the infant's gastrointestinal system is still developing and they may have difficulty coordinating their muscles to pass stool smoothly.

C. "This is normal behavior for infants unless the stool passed is hard and dry.": While hard and dry stools may indicate constipation, grunting and crying during bowel movements can still be normal behaviors in infants, regardless of the consistency of the stool.

D. "This indicates a blockage in the intestine and must be reported to the health care provider.": Grunting and crying during bowel movements are not necessarily indicative of a blockage in the intestine. These behaviors are common in infants and usually resolve as the infant's gastrointestinal system matures.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Transduction - Transduction refers to the process of reasoning from one specific instance to another without necessarily understanding the broader concept. The girl's statement about the sky and her throat does not demonstrate this mental process.

B. Centration - Centration involves focusing on only one aspect of a situation while ignoring others. The girl's statement may involve a degree of focus, but it's more indicative of a broader imaginative process.

C. Magical thinking - Magical thinking involves attributing human emotions or characteristics to inanimate objects or natural phenomena. The girl's belief that the sky is crying because it's sad about her throat hurting reflects this type of thinking.

D. Animism - Animism is a belief system that attributes life or consciousness to natural objects or phenomena. While the girl's statement involves anthropomorphizing the sky, it specifically

involves emotions rather than attributing life itself to the sky. Therefore, magical thinking is a more accurate description.

A. Epiglottitis B. Bronchiolitis C. Influenza D. Croup

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Epiglottitis

Epiglottitis typically presents with rapid onset of severe sore throat, high fever, difficulty swallowing, and drooling due to inflammation and swelling of the epiglottis. It is a medical emergency requiring immediate intervention but is less likely to present with the described symptoms.

B. Bronchiolitis

Bronchiolitis commonly occurs in infants and young children, often during the winter months. It is characterized by symptoms such as coughing, wheezing, nasal congestion, fever, and

respiratory distress. The described symptoms, including coughing, nasal congestion, and intermittent fever, align with bronchiolitis.

C. Influenza

Influenza typically presents with symptoms such as fever, cough, sore throat, body aches, and fatigue. While coughing and fever are common symptoms of influenza, the presence of apneic spells is less typical of influenza and more indicative of lower respiratory tract infections like bronchiolitis.

D. Croup

Croup is characterized by a barking cough, hoarseness, and respiratory distress often accompanied by stridor. While croup shares some symptoms with bronchiolitis, such as coughing, the absence of stridor in the description suggests bronchiolitis as a more likely diagnosis.

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A new mother expresses concern to the nurse that her baby is crying and grunting when passing stool. What is the nurse's best response to this observation?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is caring for a 5-year-old girl post-tonsillectomy. The girl looks out the window and tells the nurse that it is raining and says. The sky is crying because it is sad that my throat hurts." The nurse understands that the girl is demonstrating which mental process?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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