A nurse educator is teaching a group of recent nursing graduates about their occupational risks for contracting hepatitis B. What preventative measures should the educator promote? Select all that apply.

A. Performing a 12-lead ECG: An ECG is the most definitive and immediate tool to determine if chest pain is cardiac in origin, as it can detect ischemic changes, arrhythmias, or other cardiac abnormalities.

B. Administering NTG to see if the pain goes away: While nitroglycerin (NTG) may relieve ischemic chest pain, it is not definitive for diagnosing the pain's origin and should not be the first step without further assessment.

C. Gathering a complete medical history: Although a medical history is important, it will not immediately determine if the pain is cardiac in origin.

D. Asking the patient if performing a Valsalva maneuver reduces the pain: The Valsalva maneuver is not a reliable method to differentiate cardiac from non-cardiac chest pain and could potentially worsen certain conditions.

A. "Now you can eat whatever you want": This is incorrect and dangerous advice. Lifestyle changes, including diet, are crucial for preventing the progression of coronary artery disease even after a CABG.

B. "A CABG is not a cure - It may improve your quality of life": This response educates the patient that while CABG can relieve symptoms and improve quality of life, it does not cure the underlying disease. Continued management and lifestyle changes are essential.

C. "I am happy for you": While this might express empathy, it does not provide the necessary education or correction of the patient’s misconception about CABG.

D. "A CABG is not a cure - but now you can stop taking your medications": This is incorrect. Most patients will need to continue taking medications such as antiplatelets, statins, and antihypertensives to manage their condition post-CABG.