A nurse educator is teaching a group of recent nursing graduates about their occupational risks for contracting hepatitis B. What preventative measures should the educator promote? Select all that apply.
Annual vitamin K injections
Use of standard precautions
Consumption of a vitamin-rich diet
Annual vitamin B12 injections
Immunization
Correct Answer : B,E
A. Annual vitamin K injections: Vitamin K injections do not prevent Hepatitis B.
B. Use of standard precautions: Standard precautions reduce the risk of exposure to bloodborne pathogens, including Hepatitis B.
C. Consumption of a vitamin-rich diet: While a healthy diet is important, it does not specifically prevent Hepatitis B.
D. Annual vitamin B12 injections: Vitamin B12 injections are unrelated to Hepatitis B prevention.
E. Immunization: Vaccination is a key preventive measure against Hepatitis B.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. "Controlling my blood pressure will decrease my risk of having a heart attack to some degree." This statement is accurate. Controlling blood pressure reduces the risk of developing ACS.
B. "Because I'm over 80, even a 20 mm Hg drop in my blood pressure can reduce my risk." Research indicates that even modest reductions in blood pressure can significantly lower the risk of cardiovascular events, especially in older adults.
C. "High blood pressure will increase my body's need for oxygen and increase my heart's workload." High blood pressure increases myocardial oxygen demand and can lead to ischemia, which is a precursor to ACS.
D. "My high blood pressure has no relationship to the severity of heart disease or its outcomes." This statement is false. High blood pressure is a major risk factor for heart disease, including ACS, and it directly affects the severity and outcomes of heart disease.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Pulmonary crackles/rales: Left-sided heart failure leads to a buildup of fluid in the lungs, causing pulmonary congestion and crackles/rales on auscultation.
B. Weight gain: This is more commonly associated with right-sided heart failure due to fluid retention, though it can be seen in both types of heart failure.
C. Hepatomegaly: Hepatomegaly is typically associated with right-sided heart failure due to congestion in the systemic circulation.
D. Jugular vein distention: JVD is a sign of right-sided heart failure, as it indicates increased central venous pressure.
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