A nurse in a public clinic is researching health data on culturally diverse populations in the community. Which of the following population groups should the nurse anticipate having end- stage renal disease due to diabetes mellitus?

Black American

Hispanic/Latino

Non-Hispanic White

Asian American

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A.   Black Americans have a higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus compared to other racial/ethnic groups in the United States, and diabetes is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease.
B.   While Hispanic/Latino individuals also have an increased risk of diabetes mellitus, it is less pronounced compared to Black Americans.
C.   Non-Hispanic White individuals have a lower prevalence of diabetes mellitus compared to Black and Hispanic/Latino populations.
D.   Asian Americans have a varied prevalence of diabetes mellitus depending on specific ethnicities within this group, but it is generally lower than in Black Americans.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. The pH is alkalotic, and the PaCO2 is within the normal range, indicating respiratory alkalosis, which is not typically seen in chronic kidney disease.
B. The pH is alkalotic, and the HCO3 level is lower than normal, indicating metabolic acidosis, which can occur in chronic kidney disease, but the PaCO2 is not typically decreased in metabolic acidosis.
C. This choice fits the pattern of metabolic acidosis commonly seen in CKD patients. In patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), the kidneys are less able to excrete acid, leading to metabolic acidosis. Therefore, the expected arterial blood gas values would show a lower pH indicating acidemia, a decreased bicarbonate (HCO3-) level, and a normal or low partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) as the lungs try to compensate by blowing off CO2.
D. The pH is acidic, and the HCO3 level is within the normal range, indicating respiratory acidosis, which is not typically seen in chronic kidney disease.

A. Maintain an IV of 0.45% sodium chloride. B. Administer desmopressin acetate 0.2 mg orally. C. Provide a diet containing 2 g of sodium per day. D. Restrict fluid intake to 1,000 mL per day.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Infusing hypotonic fluids such as 0.45% sodium chloride can exacerbate hyponatremia in a client with SIADH by further diluting serum sodium levels.
B. Desmopressin acetate is a synthetic form of ADH and would exacerbate the symptoms of SIADH by increasing water reabsorption and further diluting serum sodium levels.
C. Increasing dietary sodium intake would not be appropriate for a client with SIADH, as it would contribute to further fluid retention and exacerbate hyponatremia.
D. Fluid restriction is a key component of managing SIADH to prevent further water retention and dilutional hyponatremia. Restricting fluid intake helps to normalize serum sodium levels by allowing excess water to be excreted.

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A nurse in a public clinic is researching health data on culturally diverse populations in the community. Which of the following population groups should the nurse anticipate having end- stage renal disease due to diabetes mellitus?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is reviewing the arterial blood gas values of a client who has chronic kidney disease. Which of the following sets of values should the nurse expect?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client who has syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) and a sodium level of 123 mEq/L. Which of the following prescriptions should the nurse anticipate?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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